How to invoke java method from c++ with JNA.
How to invoke java method from c++?
what??? you mean JNU?
try the java api page online
Reply:U can do the viceversa.............
Tuesday, July 14, 2009
How can i change a Java code to a C++ code ???
Just change the syntax. You most likely will have to rewrite it, unless you find a progam that can convert the syntax between languages.
Making a program that sends a text message. java/android/c#?
can anyone give me some sample code for sending a text message to a phone given a phone number as an argument in either java(j2me)/android or c#? I'm really curious.
Making a program that sends a text message. java/android/c#?
u cld take a look at this http://code.google.com/android/reference... (for android). Hope it helps.
Making a program that sends a text message. java/android/c#?
u cld take a look at this http://code.google.com/android/reference... (for android). Hope it helps.
Is Python better than java and c?
Look I wanna know is that is python more applicable than Java and C.Please support your answer with reasons.What would u recommend a newbie to start with which of the above language.
Also somewhere I heard that Python is a hacker's language.
Is it really true?Support ur answer with reasons.
Is Python better than java and c?
There is nothing you cant do in C. If you cant do in C probably you cant do. You can write Python and Java both in C and even C in C. Does that answer your question?
But the openness of C is sometimes a problem. Python, Java, Perl etc. just provide some more functioanlity which makes it handy.
So every language has its own up and down and its upto the user to find what suits best for you.
For a newbie C can be little cryptic. But as a newbie I started off with Basic.
I dont know what is hacker's language and how a language qualifies as hacker's language. But as I told If it can be done most likely it can be done in C.
Reply:I would not recommend you start programming with Python or Java. C is more difficult to start with, but the reward is that you will really understand what's going on. From there, you can very easily move to Java or Python. The same does not follow in reverse. And a good programmer will need to know more than one language, because different languages each have things they're better at, and are therefore better suited to different tasks.
Reply:I believe that Python is a scripting language, which is different than Java and C, which are compiled languages. The basic difference is that a scripting language consists of commands in plain text that are then processed by a scripting engine, whereas programs in languages like Java and C are converted to machine language.
Scripting languages are generally easier to learn than full-fledged programming languages, but you should probably start with Javascript rather than Python, as Javascript is more common and works in any web browser.
Between Python, Java, and C, I'd say start with Java--It's much easier to learn than C, and more common than Python.
I'm not so familiar with Python, but I believe it is often used as a sort of "glue language" that allows composite programming with other languages and platforms, so that aspect might make it good for hacking, but I don't really know much about that.
Reply:look, programming languages are made for programming.
how you are going to use it no one knows.
it is up to you.
there is nothing bad with all programming languages.
python is not the exception.
potential break up song
Also somewhere I heard that Python is a hacker's language.
Is it really true?Support ur answer with reasons.
Is Python better than java and c?
There is nothing you cant do in C. If you cant do in C probably you cant do. You can write Python and Java both in C and even C in C. Does that answer your question?
But the openness of C is sometimes a problem. Python, Java, Perl etc. just provide some more functioanlity which makes it handy.
So every language has its own up and down and its upto the user to find what suits best for you.
For a newbie C can be little cryptic. But as a newbie I started off with Basic.
I dont know what is hacker's language and how a language qualifies as hacker's language. But as I told If it can be done most likely it can be done in C.
Reply:I would not recommend you start programming with Python or Java. C is more difficult to start with, but the reward is that you will really understand what's going on. From there, you can very easily move to Java or Python. The same does not follow in reverse. And a good programmer will need to know more than one language, because different languages each have things they're better at, and are therefore better suited to different tasks.
Reply:I believe that Python is a scripting language, which is different than Java and C, which are compiled languages. The basic difference is that a scripting language consists of commands in plain text that are then processed by a scripting engine, whereas programs in languages like Java and C are converted to machine language.
Scripting languages are generally easier to learn than full-fledged programming languages, but you should probably start with Javascript rather than Python, as Javascript is more common and works in any web browser.
Between Python, Java, and C, I'd say start with Java--It's much easier to learn than C, and more common than Python.
I'm not so familiar with Python, but I believe it is often used as a sort of "glue language" that allows composite programming with other languages and platforms, so that aspect might make it good for hacking, but I don't really know much about that.
Reply:look, programming languages are made for programming.
how you are going to use it no one knows.
it is up to you.
there is nothing bad with all programming languages.
python is not the exception.
potential break up song
Java script? C++?
I have resently become interested in programming and I am a begginer. I cannot decide which language to start with. I am debating between c++ and Java script. can you do the same things on both (write programs, etc)?
Thanks!
Java script? C++?
Javascript is a lot easier than c++, but you cannot make 'programs' or .exe files with it, only files run with browsers such as IE, which is useful for webpage creation (possibly games) but not much more. with c++ you can do a lot more, but you will need a compiler like microsoft visual basic and lots of free time to make a good program.
Reply:C++ allows programmers to create desktop applications and Javascript is used in conjunction with HTML to create websites.
C++ is an extremely powerful language...I have taken a few classes in C++ and after gaining a good background in that I have found it quite easy to pick-up other programming languages. If you are taking classes for either language then I would suggest C++. However, if you are trying to teach your self it might be a little harder to pick-up some concepts without some actual training. I would then suggest an easier language, something like VB is very easy to pick-up on and easy to use.
Here are some C++ tutorial sites to help get you started:
www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/
www.intap.net/~drw/cpp
www.cprogramming.com/tutorial.html
www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/C++/
Here are some VB tutorials:
www.vbtutor.net/vbtutor.html
www.imt.net/~joe/matt/program/vb/Tutor...
www.profsr.com/vb/vbintro.htm
cuinl.tripod.com/tutorials.htm
And here is a site for Python:
www.python.org
Reply:Start with C++ is is the bases for the language of Java, start with the book C++ for dummies No don't do python
Thanks!
Java script? C++?
Javascript is a lot easier than c++, but you cannot make 'programs' or .exe files with it, only files run with browsers such as IE, which is useful for webpage creation (possibly games) but not much more. with c++ you can do a lot more, but you will need a compiler like microsoft visual basic and lots of free time to make a good program.
Reply:C++ allows programmers to create desktop applications and Javascript is used in conjunction with HTML to create websites.
C++ is an extremely powerful language...I have taken a few classes in C++ and after gaining a good background in that I have found it quite easy to pick-up other programming languages. If you are taking classes for either language then I would suggest C++. However, if you are trying to teach your self it might be a little harder to pick-up some concepts without some actual training. I would then suggest an easier language, something like VB is very easy to pick-up on and easy to use.
Here are some C++ tutorial sites to help get you started:
www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/
www.intap.net/~drw/cpp
www.cprogramming.com/tutorial.html
www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/C++/
Here are some VB tutorials:
www.vbtutor.net/vbtutor.html
www.imt.net/~joe/matt/program/vb/Tutor...
www.profsr.com/vb/vbintro.htm
cuinl.tripod.com/tutorials.htm
And here is a site for Python:
www.python.org
Reply:Start with C++ is is the bases for the language of Java, start with the book C++ for dummies No don't do python
Comparasion of java and c++?
What is a comparison of java with C++. In this comparison you will present the advantages of java over C++ and any draw back of Java against C++.
Comparasion of java and c++?
While the syntax is slightly similar; Java requires a virtual machine process to translate to the machine code required by the computer. C++ is compiled down to machine code and doesn't require a VM, but has to be built for the target machine. Java is more portable, but requires the pre-installation of the VM. C++, the code is portable, but the built module is not. I could go on for days and days, but those are the most basic.
Reply:http://java.ittoolbox.com/documents/acad...
http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/ar...
http://www.javacoffeebreak.com/articles/...
http://cs.edcc.edu/java_or_cpp.htm
Reply:Isn't C++ a programming tool. Java is scripting that you need to play games, etc. ?? Not saying I know for sure. Like comparing apples to oranges?
Comparasion of java and c++?
While the syntax is slightly similar; Java requires a virtual machine process to translate to the machine code required by the computer. C++ is compiled down to machine code and doesn't require a VM, but has to be built for the target machine. Java is more portable, but requires the pre-installation of the VM. C++, the code is portable, but the built module is not. I could go on for days and days, but those are the most basic.
Reply:http://java.ittoolbox.com/documents/acad...
http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/ar...
http://www.javacoffeebreak.com/articles/...
http://cs.edcc.edu/java_or_cpp.htm
Reply:Isn't C++ a programming tool. Java is scripting that you need to play games, etc. ?? Not saying I know for sure. Like comparing apples to oranges?
I'm new in programming. In your opinion, Should i choose to learn C++ Programming or Java Programming??
I have just started in learning programming. . In your opinion, Should i choose to learn C++ Programming or Java Programming??
I'm new in programming. In your opinion, Should i choose to learn C++ Programming or Java Programming??
I'd say learn java first because it's more fun; making cool stuff like windows and GUIs is easier.
Personally I learned C++ first (terminal only, then I went to Java). Both are very similar so if you learn one you won't have problems learning the other.
Reply:Learning a language isn't learning programming. Learn programming first (Wirth's "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" is a good place to start), then start learning languages.
Reply:Its really a choice between Bad and Worse if you're a new programmer. I would recommend starting with something like Python. But if you absolutely must pick between the two, Java is a much better choice. C++ is a very difficult and bad language for a huge number of reasons.
Reply:id learn something easy like PHP first before going to that stuff. well im a web designer so of course im going to say that, so if i have to choose 1 out of those 2 id definetly choose c++
Reply:What makes C++ interesting is because of its complexity and attention to details which you will not find with other languages like Java. If all programming languages are no sweat then do you think being a programmer is still a worthy job? Besides, if you learn C++ you will be surprised how easily you can learn Java since it was derived from it.
Reply:It really depends on what you plan on programming. Java is generally used more for web based applications. C++ is generally used more for stand-alone applications.
Reply:Both will help you learn object oriented programming, it really is the standard type of languages. Once you learn the concepts of object oriented programming, it'll be easy to pick up other object oriented languages.
I'm new in programming. In your opinion, Should i choose to learn C++ Programming or Java Programming??
I'd say learn java first because it's more fun; making cool stuff like windows and GUIs is easier.
Personally I learned C++ first (terminal only, then I went to Java). Both are very similar so if you learn one you won't have problems learning the other.
Reply:Learning a language isn't learning programming. Learn programming first (Wirth's "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" is a good place to start), then start learning languages.
Reply:Its really a choice between Bad and Worse if you're a new programmer. I would recommend starting with something like Python. But if you absolutely must pick between the two, Java is a much better choice. C++ is a very difficult and bad language for a huge number of reasons.
Reply:id learn something easy like PHP first before going to that stuff. well im a web designer so of course im going to say that, so if i have to choose 1 out of those 2 id definetly choose c++
Reply:What makes C++ interesting is because of its complexity and attention to details which you will not find with other languages like Java. If all programming languages are no sweat then do you think being a programmer is still a worthy job? Besides, if you learn C++ you will be surprised how easily you can learn Java since it was derived from it.
Reply:It really depends on what you plan on programming. Java is generally used more for web based applications. C++ is generally used more for stand-alone applications.
Reply:Both will help you learn object oriented programming, it really is the standard type of languages. Once you learn the concepts of object oriented programming, it'll be easy to pick up other object oriented languages.
How can I integrate Java and C++ into oracle database server.?
For C++, you need to use Pro*C Compiler available with Oracle.
Java can connect to Oracle using JDBC.
ovary
Java can connect to Oracle using JDBC.
ovary
I wanna join top most MNC,s & i know c,c++,java knowledge. im a2005 dec passout but not getting job.pleasehelp
RESUME
MUBEEN AHMED KHAN 93/3 Juna Risala Indore
Mak_khan0786@yahoo.co.in City:Indore
Contact No.:91-731-2452645,2454045 State, Country: M.P. , India
Carrier Aspiration:
Intend to build a Carrier with leading organization of high tech environment with committed and dedicated people, which will help me to explore myself fully and realize my potential. Willing to work as key player in challenging and creative environment.
Personal Attributes:
I am a self motivated person with the ability to analyze, establish priorities and formulate solutions. I am adaptable to new environments and possess good team playing skills. I am available to work as per requirements and always willing to take up new challenges.
Experience:
1.5 Months As a lecturer in Govt ujjain Polytechnic Ujjain
2. 3 Monthes As a sales executive in Reliance Infocomm Indore
Academic Mirror:
Bachelor of Engineering – (Information Technology)
from Sri Satya Institute of Science %26amp; Technology, Sehore (M.P.) with Aggregate
of 68 %.
Class/SemesterSubjectBoard/UniversityY... of PassingPercentage
B.E.I.T.R.G.P.V., BhopalDec 200568%
Higher SecondaryP.C.M.M.P. Board, BhopalAug 199953%
High SchoolAll SubjectC.B.S.E Board, DelhiMarch 199745%
Academic Projects:
ØMAJOR PROJECT :- Download Accelator
ØMINOR PROJECT :- Bank Management
Description: This project was designed to maintain the complete database of bank ,in this we gave following utilities – addition, deletion of accounts, addition, removal of members in the bank, generating new account.
Training:
Training Work done at “ Govt of India Small Scale Service Institute Indore 2005”
“Bharat sanchar nigam limited Indore 2003”
Subjects Of Interest:
Operating System , Data Structure, D.B.M.S., Data Communication.
Software Exposure:
ØLanguages: C,C++,JAVA
ØDatabase Software: MS-Access
ØOperating System: Windows 9x/XP
Hobbies:
ØLearning
ØListening music
ØNet Surfing
ØTeaching
Personal Profile:
1.Father’s Name:Mr Mateen Ahmed Khan
2.Mother’s Name : Mrs. Rehana Sultana
3.Date of Birth : 07th July 1981
4.Sex : Male
5.Health : Excellent
6.Marital Status: Single
7.Nationality : Indian
8.Linguistic Proficiency: Hindi, English,Urdu
I Consider myself familiar with Software Engineering Aspects. I am also confident of my ability to work in a team.
I Mubeen ahmed khan, hereby declare that the above information is true to the best of my knowledge.
Date: 29 /06 /06
Place:Indore (Mubeen ahmed khan )
Reference: -
ØTaruna shukla
HOD Information Technology
Govt. ujjain polytecnic ujjain
Ujjain (M.P.)
ØMohd.Saleem Nagori
Lab Assistant Information Technology
Govt. ujjain polytecnic ujjain
Ujjain (M.P.)
I wanna join top most MNC,s %26amp; i know c,c++,java knowledge. im a2005 dec passout but not getting job.pleasehelp
Ummm... first thing is this posted here isn't really pertinent in any way. Post it to a headhunting site like Monster or Dice and see what you get. Oh, and if I were you, I'd work on condensing the info a bit. Just as no good programmer likes to see a program longer than it has to be, no good human resources manager wants to see a longer than needed resume. I hope this helps.
MUBEEN AHMED KHAN 93/3 Juna Risala Indore
Mak_khan0786@yahoo.co.in City:Indore
Contact No.:91-731-2452645,2454045 State, Country: M.P. , India
Carrier Aspiration:
Intend to build a Carrier with leading organization of high tech environment with committed and dedicated people, which will help me to explore myself fully and realize my potential. Willing to work as key player in challenging and creative environment.
Personal Attributes:
I am a self motivated person with the ability to analyze, establish priorities and formulate solutions. I am adaptable to new environments and possess good team playing skills. I am available to work as per requirements and always willing to take up new challenges.
Experience:
1.5 Months As a lecturer in Govt ujjain Polytechnic Ujjain
2. 3 Monthes As a sales executive in Reliance Infocomm Indore
Academic Mirror:
Bachelor of Engineering – (Information Technology)
from Sri Satya Institute of Science %26amp; Technology, Sehore (M.P.) with Aggregate
of 68 %.
Class/SemesterSubjectBoard/UniversityY... of PassingPercentage
B.E.I.T.R.G.P.V., BhopalDec 200568%
Higher SecondaryP.C.M.M.P. Board, BhopalAug 199953%
High SchoolAll SubjectC.B.S.E Board, DelhiMarch 199745%
Academic Projects:
ØMAJOR PROJECT :- Download Accelator
ØMINOR PROJECT :- Bank Management
Description: This project was designed to maintain the complete database of bank ,in this we gave following utilities – addition, deletion of accounts, addition, removal of members in the bank, generating new account.
Training:
Training Work done at “ Govt of India Small Scale Service Institute Indore 2005”
“Bharat sanchar nigam limited Indore 2003”
Subjects Of Interest:
Operating System , Data Structure, D.B.M.S., Data Communication.
Software Exposure:
ØLanguages: C,C++,JAVA
ØDatabase Software: MS-Access
ØOperating System: Windows 9x/XP
Hobbies:
ØLearning
ØListening music
ØNet Surfing
ØTeaching
Personal Profile:
1.Father’s Name:Mr Mateen Ahmed Khan
2.Mother’s Name : Mrs. Rehana Sultana
3.Date of Birth : 07th July 1981
4.Sex : Male
5.Health : Excellent
6.Marital Status: Single
7.Nationality : Indian
8.Linguistic Proficiency: Hindi, English,Urdu
I Consider myself familiar with Software Engineering Aspects. I am also confident of my ability to work in a team.
I Mubeen ahmed khan, hereby declare that the above information is true to the best of my knowledge.
Date: 29 /06 /06
Place:Indore (Mubeen ahmed khan )
Reference: -
ØTaruna shukla
HOD Information Technology
Govt. ujjain polytecnic ujjain
Ujjain (M.P.)
ØMohd.Saleem Nagori
Lab Assistant Information Technology
Govt. ujjain polytecnic ujjain
Ujjain (M.P.)
I wanna join top most MNC,s %26amp; i know c,c++,java knowledge. im a2005 dec passout but not getting job.pleasehelp
Ummm... first thing is this posted here isn't really pertinent in any way. Post it to a headhunting site like Monster or Dice and see what you get. Oh, and if I were you, I'd work on condensing the info a bit. Just as no good programmer likes to see a program longer than it has to be, no good human resources manager wants to see a longer than needed resume. I hope this helps.
What program should i use with c# to make games like java,directx,etc.?
i've made my mind up im gonna use C# so dont put on here you should use c++ just tell me which ones better with C# Java,DirectX,etc. if theres any others and any tutorials if possible thanks ahead of time.
What program should i use with c# to make games like java,directx,etc.?
You should probably look into exactly what c# and Java are, because that question doesnt make a lot of sense.
Reply:Try Microsoft XNA, I believe you can develop games in C#. Go to http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/directx... and check it out.
What program should i use with c# to make games like java,directx,etc.?
You should probably look into exactly what c# and Java are, because that question doesnt make a lot of sense.
Reply:Try Microsoft XNA, I believe you can develop games in C#. Go to http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/directx... and check it out.
How can i convert jpg file format to other formats like tiff using programming codes in c++,java ?
file format conversion in c++, java, or any other languages ..
and algorithms of each file format compression..
How can i convert jpg file format to other formats like tiff using programming codes in c++,java ?
Visit the Site:
Load, show and convert miscellaneous file-formats using freeimage:
http://www.codeproject.com/bitmap/graphi...
it might help
Alo this might help:
http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngcode.ht...
Reply:you can also post your questions at http://www.tekpool.com/forums and get answers from a better suited community
you can also look into http://www.tekpool.com and http://www.tekpool.com/forums for interview prepartions and asking questions about your interview
Reply:Seems like a lot of work just to convert a pic format when you can easily do it in windows xp paint!
Reply:no idea
and algorithms of each file format compression..
How can i convert jpg file format to other formats like tiff using programming codes in c++,java ?
Visit the Site:
Load, show and convert miscellaneous file-formats using freeimage:
http://www.codeproject.com/bitmap/graphi...
it might help
Alo this might help:
http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngcode.ht...
Reply:you can also post your questions at http://www.tekpool.com/forums and get answers from a better suited community
you can also look into http://www.tekpool.com and http://www.tekpool.com/forums for interview prepartions and asking questions about your interview
Reply:Seems like a lot of work just to convert a pic format when you can easily do it in windows xp paint!
Reply:no idea
How to interface java and C++ ?
I have a java/swing interface and C++ processing engine. How I execute C++ program from JAVA ? Right I have shell script in which java compiles C++ and writes the output to a file and JAVA reads it from there. Is there any better and elegant solution ?
How to interface java and C++ ?
JNI isn't strictly necessary here. There are other solutions that might work better for you. One is simply calling the executable from Java -
http://www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-...
Another is using XML-RPC. I've taken this route in the past when building processing engines in C++ because the engines stays loaded in memory and doesn't have to reside on the same machine.
From Java -
http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/xm...
From C++ -
http://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.net/
Much of the XML-RPC stuff has been replaced by web services, but XML-RPC is much simpler and is very light weight.
Reply:You'll have to use JNI. It's not easy, but it can be done. Check out the link below for more information. You may need to google for tutorials and further data.
memory cards
How to interface java and C++ ?
JNI isn't strictly necessary here. There are other solutions that might work better for you. One is simply calling the executable from Java -
http://www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-...
Another is using XML-RPC. I've taken this route in the past when building processing engines in C++ because the engines stays loaded in memory and doesn't have to reside on the same machine.
From Java -
http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/xm...
From C++ -
http://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.net/
Much of the XML-RPC stuff has been replaced by web services, but XML-RPC is much simpler and is very light weight.
Reply:You'll have to use JNI. It's not easy, but it can be done. Check out the link below for more information. You may need to google for tutorials and further data.
memory cards
How can I integrate Java and C++ into oracle database server.?
Hi Sunday,
Java programms connecting to Oracle database: use JDBC
Server-Side Java: you can create stored procedures in Java! ("Java Stored Procedures"), excellent explanation in Manual "Oracle9i Java Stored Procedures Developer’s Guide"
C++ programms connect to Oracle using SQL*Net
Server-Side C++: you can call "external procedures" from Oracle-Server, see
Chapter 10 "Calling External Procedures" in Manual "Oracle9i Application Developer’s Guide—Fundamentals"
Best regards,
Telco DBA
http://www.it-checklists.com
How can I integrate Java and C++ into oracle database server.?
With a computer
Java programms connecting to Oracle database: use JDBC
Server-Side Java: you can create stored procedures in Java! ("Java Stored Procedures"), excellent explanation in Manual "Oracle9i Java Stored Procedures Developer’s Guide"
C++ programms connect to Oracle using SQL*Net
Server-Side C++: you can call "external procedures" from Oracle-Server, see
Chapter 10 "Calling External Procedures" in Manual "Oracle9i Application Developer’s Guide—Fundamentals"
Best regards,
Telco DBA
http://www.it-checklists.com
How can I integrate Java and C++ into oracle database server.?
With a computer
Questions relatewd to c & java?
about pointers in c.
operators in java
Questions relatewd to c %26amp; java?
pointers are ref addresses
operators are symbols that rep a operation ie - is minus
hope this helps :)
Reply:http://www.pekiyi.150m.com
java and c language pages.
Reply:point it can store the other address of other object.
Reply:lol
Reply:Go to this site to get details of pointers in C.
http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node10.htm...
operators in java
Questions relatewd to c %26amp; java?
pointers are ref addresses
operators are symbols that rep a operation ie - is minus
hope this helps :)
Reply:http://www.pekiyi.150m.com
java and c language pages.
Reply:point it can store the other address of other object.
Reply:lol
Reply:Go to this site to get details of pointers in C.
http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node10.htm...
I'm 14 yrs old and have good knowledge of C,Java,HTML,DHTML,JavaScript.i want to show my talent to world. help
i've good knowledge of web and software designing and have made real world applications in C,Java,HTML,DHTML,JavaScript.i want to show my talent to world. i need guidance and help.
I'm 14 yrs old and have good knowledge of C,Java,HTML,DHTML,JavaScript.i want to show my talent to world. help
Start posting your code on all these programming sites. A lot of them have contest where they give out prices too.
Reply:Write a book man. U cud be the next Child Genius discovered.
Reply:Create your own website, and use it in your resume Punk.
I'm 14 yrs old and have good knowledge of C,Java,HTML,DHTML,JavaScript.i want to show my talent to world. help
Start posting your code on all these programming sites. A lot of them have contest where they give out prices too.
Reply:Write a book man. U cud be the next Child Genius discovered.
Reply:Create your own website, and use it in your resume Punk.
FAQs about electronics,communication,micr...
Frequently Asked Questions about electronics(basic,analog,digital),commun...
FAQs about electronics,communication,micr...
www.efy.com
Reply:1.what is power electronics?
2.explain the block diagram of communication system.
lotus flower
FAQs about electronics,communication,micr...
www.efy.com
Reply:1.what is power electronics?
2.explain the block diagram of communication system.
lotus flower
Questions related to c & java?
about pointers in c.
operators in java
Questions related to c %26amp; java?
lol
Reply:Yes, There is a concept in C called "Pointers" with which you can have variables that contain Address as their value.
And yes, There is a concept in every programming language, which is called "Operators", that refers to those special symbols used to perform a simple task. For example, the "++" Operator (without the quotes) is used to increase the amount of an integer value by 1.
What else do you want to know about them?
Reply:Go to this site to get full details of pointers in C.
http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node10.htm...
Good bye.
Reply:What a silly qn?
operators in java
Questions related to c %26amp; java?
lol
Reply:Yes, There is a concept in C called "Pointers" with which you can have variables that contain Address as their value.
And yes, There is a concept in every programming language, which is called "Operators", that refers to those special symbols used to perform a simple task. For example, the "++" Operator (without the quotes) is used to increase the amount of an integer value by 1.
What else do you want to know about them?
Reply:Go to this site to get full details of pointers in C.
http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node10.htm...
Good bye.
Reply:What a silly qn?
I have touched with java,c,c++,web designing,what kind of mini projects i can do and where can i get it?
Mini projects - anything that your imagination can think of that is also within the constraints of your programming language and machine capabilities. That's why programming is so cool!
check out www.thecodeproject.com
I have touched with java,c,c++,web designing,what kind of mini projects i can do and where can i get it?
sf.net. You can get projects of all colours, shapes and sizes there.
You can use your contributions to these projects to your credit when looking for potential employers or contract assignments.
check out www.thecodeproject.com
I have touched with java,c,c++,web designing,what kind of mini projects i can do and where can i get it?
sf.net. You can get projects of all colours, shapes and sizes there.
You can use your contributions to these projects to your credit when looking for potential employers or contract assignments.
What is the best module in learning object oriented programming either in Java or C++?
I'm afraid I don't quite understand what you are asking. Do you mean right IDE/Compiler? Cause any module will work well in Java or C/C++, you have to just call it. If you meant IDE/Complier I would go with Microsft's Visual C++. Another good software is Dev C++ its made by bloodshed software.
Could you explain what C++, Java, Python, and Si6P are used for?
I am totally computer illiterate and have just recently heard of these things so could you provide just a simple description of what they're used for? Thanks!
Could you explain what C++, Java, Python, and Si6P are used for?
I'm not sure about Si6P, but C++, Java and Python are programming languages. Programming languages are used for writting programs witch instruct computer to performe some kind of operation or to control some hardware. There are many programming languages, everyone have it's pros and cons. Programs are written in plain text on certain language and it contains orders that computer will follow in certain conditions. This text with instructions for computer is called "Source Code", after being written, it must be "translated" or compiled in form that computer understands. (some programming languages can be runned without compiling, directly from source code). I've hope this is now clear to you.
Reply:C++, JAVA, Python and SI6P are programmingf languages. only different is JAVA, Python, Si6P are web programming language. TCP/IP was written in C partly c++. C++ is language of network protocols.
Reply:the only thing i know is that C++ is a language used to create programs, and its based on codes, and is very complicated (that's what i've heard)
silk flowers
Could you explain what C++, Java, Python, and Si6P are used for?
I'm not sure about Si6P, but C++, Java and Python are programming languages. Programming languages are used for writting programs witch instruct computer to performe some kind of operation or to control some hardware. There are many programming languages, everyone have it's pros and cons. Programs are written in plain text on certain language and it contains orders that computer will follow in certain conditions. This text with instructions for computer is called "Source Code", after being written, it must be "translated" or compiled in form that computer understands. (some programming languages can be runned without compiling, directly from source code). I've hope this is now clear to you.
Reply:C++, JAVA, Python and SI6P are programmingf languages. only different is JAVA, Python, Si6P are web programming language. TCP/IP was written in C partly c++. C++ is language of network protocols.
Reply:the only thing i know is that C++ is a language used to create programs, and its based on codes, and is very complicated (that's what i've heard)
silk flowers
Different answers for same expresson in java and c...expression is b=a++ +(a=3)+ ++a?
look
we have this thing
int a,b;
a=3;
b=a++ +(a=3)+ ++a;
for this expresson we get b=9 in c and b=10 in java
while a=4..
can anybody give me proper reasons for why is that happening....
acc. to me the curly brackets have the highest priority in the expression so they are evaluated first.....but that is not solving my problem..please help.
Different answers for same expresson in java and c...expression is b=a++ +(a=3)+ ++a?
b=a++ + (a=3) + ++a;
first does a++ which will be 3 (4 after execution)
then does (a=3) which will be 3
then does (++a) which will be 4
gives you b=3 + 3 + 4 = 10 and a=4
I am not sure why it give b=9 in c as it should give b=10. I tried it in c# and it gives 10. there may be something wrong with your initialization in c
Reply:It depends on the way the compiler is implemented to handle the expression.
For example take C language.
There are many compilers available such as TurboC,Borland C,Microsoft C etc.
Each compilers has its own implementations.
Some compilers will process a expression from right to left and some will proces from left to right.
we have this thing
int a,b;
a=3;
b=a++ +(a=3)+ ++a;
for this expresson we get b=9 in c and b=10 in java
while a=4..
can anybody give me proper reasons for why is that happening....
acc. to me the curly brackets have the highest priority in the expression so they are evaluated first.....but that is not solving my problem..please help.
Different answers for same expresson in java and c...expression is b=a++ +(a=3)+ ++a?
b=a++ + (a=3) + ++a;
first does a++ which will be 3 (4 after execution)
then does (a=3) which will be 3
then does (++a) which will be 4
gives you b=3 + 3 + 4 = 10 and a=4
I am not sure why it give b=9 in c as it should give b=10. I tried it in c# and it gives 10. there may be something wrong with your initialization in c
Reply:It depends on the way the compiler is implemented to handle the expression.
For example take C language.
There are many compilers available such as TurboC,Borland C,Microsoft C etc.
Each compilers has its own implementations.
Some compilers will process a expression from right to left and some will proces from left to right.
I am sticking at PHP & JSP, C++ & JAVA?
I am learning PHP and C++ now , I heard someone said PHP is not so good as JSP, is it true ? I am sure whether I should keep learn PHP, or turn to Jsp. what do you say ?
and I am also not sure which one to choice between C++ and JAVA, who would tell me how to make the decision ?
and could I have your MSN ?
I am sticking at PHP %26amp; JSP, C++ %26amp; JAVA?
From using both, PHP and JSP, and from doing JSP every day at work, I still lean to PHP if dealing with webapplications. PHP supports OOP so the arguement for JSP over PHP for that reason isn't valid. I'd stick with C++ and PHP and if you were gonna do something else go to C# with asp.net
And php is not only for making websites, its just as useful making web applications as JSP or ASP.net.
Reply:The languages you mention actually cover a range of activities. So it depends what you would like to do.
C++ started out as a system programming language, for making software applications. It is still very widely used today. Programmers like it because it is very flexible - if you need to write fast code, you can interact with low-level aspects of a machine, but you can also make use of pre-existing libraries in order to speed up your development time. Most games for Windows and consoles like the XBox are written using C++. You're less likely to find it being used to build the server-side of a website, although it is possible.
Java is a newer language than C++. It differs mainly in that it more strictly insists on object-orientation, and also in that it runs within its own runtime environment, whereas C++ applications usually compile down into machine-specific binaries. Java applications usually run in a bit of software called a "virtual machine". This means that if you write a Java application, it can run on any machine, as long as you have the virtual machine installed on that computer. On Windows, when you see the coffee cup appear, that's Java's virtual machine loading up.
Java is widely used both in standard software applications and in the production of website backends. When it's being used to make websites, it can be used alongside JSP (JavaServer Pages).
If you know Java or C++, you will be able to migrate to the other fairly quickly.
PHP is a bit different as it was designed purely for making websites. Some people love PHP because it is free and because it can be quite quick to do common tasks. However it is easy for a novice to make a lot of mistakes in PHP because it is a weakly typed language and there is no compiler.
A language you haven't mentioned, that I personally like using, is C#. This is a language created by Microsoft that can be used with ASP.NET to create website backends. It is difficult to define exactly why I have found it more pleasant to program with C#.NET than with Java, PHP or C++, but this has been my experience.
and I am also not sure which one to choice between C++ and JAVA, who would tell me how to make the decision ?
and could I have your MSN ?
I am sticking at PHP %26amp; JSP, C++ %26amp; JAVA?
From using both, PHP and JSP, and from doing JSP every day at work, I still lean to PHP if dealing with webapplications. PHP supports OOP so the arguement for JSP over PHP for that reason isn't valid. I'd stick with C++ and PHP and if you were gonna do something else go to C# with asp.net
And php is not only for making websites, its just as useful making web applications as JSP or ASP.net.
Reply:The languages you mention actually cover a range of activities. So it depends what you would like to do.
C++ started out as a system programming language, for making software applications. It is still very widely used today. Programmers like it because it is very flexible - if you need to write fast code, you can interact with low-level aspects of a machine, but you can also make use of pre-existing libraries in order to speed up your development time. Most games for Windows and consoles like the XBox are written using C++. You're less likely to find it being used to build the server-side of a website, although it is possible.
Java is a newer language than C++. It differs mainly in that it more strictly insists on object-orientation, and also in that it runs within its own runtime environment, whereas C++ applications usually compile down into machine-specific binaries. Java applications usually run in a bit of software called a "virtual machine". This means that if you write a Java application, it can run on any machine, as long as you have the virtual machine installed on that computer. On Windows, when you see the coffee cup appear, that's Java's virtual machine loading up.
Java is widely used both in standard software applications and in the production of website backends. When it's being used to make websites, it can be used alongside JSP (JavaServer Pages).
If you know Java or C++, you will be able to migrate to the other fairly quickly.
PHP is a bit different as it was designed purely for making websites. Some people love PHP because it is free and because it can be quite quick to do common tasks. However it is easy for a novice to make a lot of mistakes in PHP because it is a weakly typed language and there is no compiler.
A language you haven't mentioned, that I personally like using, is C#. This is a language created by Microsoft that can be used with ASP.NET to create website backends. It is difficult to define exactly why I have found it more pleasant to program with C#.NET than with Java, PHP or C++, but this has been my experience.
How to Convert Source Code From JAVA to C++?
http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs123/ja...
http://www.scicontrols.com/R2J.htm
http://www.scicontrols.com/R2J.htm
Tell some placementpapers and some web comtaining tutor for c cad proe java catia c++ except vyom and ebooks?
tutors and ebooks to download for the following software to built knowledge in "auto cad, proe, c, c++ ,java, j2ee ,oracl 9i , catia help files ,ansis " i have given broader lienes u reply for what u know and some web for off campus details and plaement papers for mnc company to build apptitude .
Tell some placementpapers and some web comtaining tutor for c cad proe java catia c++ except vyom and ebooks?
http://www.planet-source-code.com/
purple flowers
Tell some placementpapers and some web comtaining tutor for c cad proe java catia c++ except vyom and ebooks?
http://www.planet-source-code.com/
purple flowers
Can you write me a java or c++ program on......?
I need to write a program to find the armstrong numbers between 100 and 1000. Please Help. Be assured that you will get 10 points if you write a good program.
Can you write me a java or c++ program on......?
isns't that what YOU"RE SUPPOSED TO do. not other people.
Reply:Hmm... spending my good time to write you a program that could take hours to do. But "oh joy!" I could get 10 points on my account that mean absolutely nothing in real life =D
How about you do your own work or pay someone to do it for you? And I don't mean in worthless points, idiot.
Go fail on your own.
Can you write me a java or c++ program on......?
isns't that what YOU"RE SUPPOSED TO do. not other people.
Reply:Hmm... spending my good time to write you a program that could take hours to do. But "oh joy!" I could get 10 points on my account that mean absolutely nothing in real life =D
How about you do your own work or pay someone to do it for you? And I don't mean in worthless points, idiot.
Go fail on your own.
Can we do system programming through java like that in C language?
HARDWARE PROGRAMMING through java like that in C language?can we do?
Can we do system programming through java like that in C language?
I would say that you could not get the performance from Java that you could get from c. This is because Java is a garbage collected or managed language, meaning the system cleans up the garbage or objects no longer in use. This makes the program a bit bigger then you would need for systems programming, and would slow it down.
The other thing is, Java being an interpreted language, it would take time to interpret it and your system would be slow as a result. Even using technology like a Just In Time compiler possibly would not outwieght the disadvantage of the maanged software.
System programming needs to be small, efficient, and most importantly fast. Many years of research have gone into finding little ways of making the program run that little bit faster, and not use as many resources by using technoques that could be restricted by using a managed programming language.
Reply:Java has very few interfaces and classes that actually modify System settings - one of its few weaknesses against C.
why? basically, because Java is designed to be system-independent. that means that you can run a single Java class file on different systems without having to recompile it. this may be efficient and practical, but it does mean that Java can't pack too much system-specific methods and classes like C can. if it did, then Java wouldn't be system-independent.
example? Java doesn't even have a method to clear the console window (where the System.out OutputStream writes to). it can't utilize one, because to clear the system console requires different procedures on different systems. C, on the other hand has the clrscr function (if i'm not mistaken), because C is compiled with the system to run on in mind.
Reply:The Headstart You Need on Your Development Time.
Embed db4o's native Java and .NET open source object database engine into your product and store even the most complex object structures with only one line of code.
db4o slashes development cost and time, provides superior performance, and requires no DBA. Download a free version of db4o under the GPL licensehttp://www.db4o.com/Default.aspx?AspxAut...
http://java.sun.com/
Java programming language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Java
Paradigm: object-oriented
Appeared in: 1990s
Designed by: Sun Microsystems
Typing discipline: strong, static
Major implementations: Sun Microsystems NetBeans, Borland JBuilder
Influenced by: Objective-C, C++, Smalltalk
Influenced: C#, D, J#, VJ#
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Unlike conventional languages which are generally designed to be compiled to native code, Java is compiled to a bytecode which is then run (generally using JIT compilation) by a Java virtual machine.
The language itself borrows much syntax from C and C++ but has a much simpler object model and does away with low-level tools like programmer-manipulated pointers.
Java is only distantly related to JavaScript, though they have similar names and share a C-like syntax.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Version history
* 2 Philosophy
o 2.1 Object orientation
o 2.2 Platform independence
o 2.3 Automatic garbage collection
* 3 Syntax
o 3.1 Hello world
+ 3.1.1 Stand-alone application
+ 3.1.2 Applet
+ 3.1.3 Servlet
+ 3.1.4 Swing application
* 4 Criticism
* 5 Resources
o 5.1 Java Runtime Environment
+ 5.1.1 Components
o 5.2 APIs
o 5.3 Extensions and related architectures
* 6 See also
o 6.1 Lists
* 7 References
* 8 External links
o 8.1 Sun
o 8.2 Java Specification Requests
o 8.3 Tutorials
o 8.4 Resources
o 8.5 Java Integrated Development Environments
o 8.6 History
o 8.7 Java Implementations
+ 8.7.1 Proprietary
+ 8.7.2 Open Source
o 8.8 Criticism
o 8.9 Java-like languages
[edit]
Version history
Main article: Java (Sun)
As with other parts of the Java platform, the Java language has evolved over the years while largely maintaining backwards compatibility.
* JDK 1.0 (January 23, 1996) — Initial release. (press release)
* JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997) (press release)
o inner classes added to the language
* J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998) — Codename Playground. This and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). Major additions included: (press release)
o strictfp keyword
* J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000) — Codename Kestrel. (press release)(full list of changes)
* J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002) — Codename Merlin. This was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59.(press release)(full list of changes)
* J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004) — Codename Tiger. (Originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number.[1]) Developed under JSR 176, Tiger added a number of significant new language features: (press release)(full list of changes)
o Generics — provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts. (Specified by JSR 14.)
o Metadata — also called annotations, allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities. (Specified by JSR 175.)
o Autoboxing/unboxing — automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer). (Specified by JSR 201.)
o Enumerations — the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.). Previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern). (Specified by JSR 201.)
o Varargs — the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)). In the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method.
o Enhanced for loop — the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable, such as the standard Collection classes, using a construct of the form:
void displayWidgets (Iterable%26lt;Widget%26gt; widgets) {
for (Widget w : widgets) {
w.display();
}
}
This example iterates over the Iterable object widgets, assigning each of its items in turn to the variable w, and then calling the Widget method display() for each item. (Specified by JSR 201.)
* Java SE 6 — Codename Mustang. As of 2006 this is currently in development under JSR 270. A beta version was released on February 15, 2006.(press release) Beta 2 was released on June 15, 2006 and is available at http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/ea.... The final release is expected autumn 2006. New builds including enhancements and bug fixes are released approximately weekly. As of this version, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.[2]
* Java SE 7 — Codename Dolphin. This is in the early planning stages. The Dolphin Project will start up in late July, with release estimated in 2008.[3]
In addition to the language changes, much more dramatic changes have been made to the Java class library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5.0. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated.
[edit]
Philosophy
There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:
1. It should use the object-oriented programming methodology.
2. It should allow the same program to be executed on multiple operating systems.
3. It should contain built-in support for using computer networks.
4. It should be designed to execute code from remote sources securely.
5. It should be easy to use and borrow the good parts of older object-oriented languages like C++.
To achieve the goals of networking support and remote code execution, Java programmers sometimes find it necessary to use extensions such as CORBA, Internet Communications Engine, or OSGi.
[edit]
Object orientation
The first characteristic, object orientation ("OO"), refers to a method of programming and language design. Although there are many interpretations of OO, one primary distinguishing idea is to design software so that the various types of data it manipulates are combined together with their relevant operations. Thus, data and code are combined into entities called objects. An object can be thought of as a self-contained bundle of behavior (code) and state (data). The principle is to separate the things that change from the things that stay the same; often, a change to some data structure requires a corresponding change to the code that operates on that data, or vice versa. This separation into coherent objects provides a more stable foundation for a software system's design. The intent is to make large software projects easier to manage, thus improving quality and reducing the number of failed projects.
Another primary goal of OO programming is to develop more generic objects so that software can become more reusable between projects. A generic "customer" object, for example, should in theory have roughly the same basic set of behaviors between different software projects, especially when these projects overlap on some fundamental level as they often do in large organizations. In this sense, software objects can hopefully be seen more as pluggable components, helping the software industry build projects largely from existing and well tested pieces, thus leading to a massive reduction in development times. Software reusability has met with mixed practical results, with two main difficulties: the design of truly generic objects is poorly-understood, and a methodology for broad communication of reuse opportunities is lacking. Some open source communities want to help ease the reuse problem, by providing authors with ways to disseminate information about generally reusable objects and object libraries.
[edit]
Platform independence
The look and feel of Java Swing GUIs is independent of the platform on which they are running
Enlarge
The look and feel of Java Swing GUIs is independent of the platform on which they are running
The second characteristic, platform independence, means that programs written in the Java language must run similarly on diverse hardware. One should be able to write a program once and run it anywhere.
This is achieved by most Java compilers by compiling the Java language code "halfway" to bytecode (specifically Java bytecode)—simplified machine instructions specific to the Java platform. The code is then run on a virtual machine (VM), a program written in native code on the host hardware that interprets and executes generic Java bytecode. Further, standardized libraries are provided to allow access to features of the host machines (such as graphics, threading and networking) in unified ways. Note that, although there's an explicit compiling stage, at some point, the Java bytecode is interpreted or converted to native machine instructions by the JIT compiler.
There are also implementations of Java compilers that compile to native object code, such as GCJ, removing the intermediate bytecode stage, but the output of these compilers can only be run on a single architecture.
Sun's license for Java insists that all implementations be "compatible". This resulted in a legal dispute with Microsoft after Sun claimed that the Microsoft implementation did not support the RMI and JNI interfaces and had added platform-specific features of their own. Sun sued and won both damages (some $20 million) and a court order enforcing the terms of the license from Sun. In response, Microsoft no longer ships Java with Windows, and in recent versions of Windows, Internet Explorer cannot support Java applets without a third-party plugin. However, Sun and others have made available Java run-time systems at no cost for those and other versions of Windows.
The first implementations of the language used an interpreted virtual machine to achieve portability. These implementations produced programs that ran more slowly than programs written in C or C++, so the language suffered a reputation for poor performance. More recent JVM implementations produce programs that run significantly faster than before, using multiple techniques.
The first technique is to simply compile directly into native code like a more traditional compiler, skipping bytecodes entirely. This achieves good performance, but at the expense of portability. Another technique, known as just-in-time compilation (JIT), translates the Java bytecodes into native code at the time that the program is run. More sophisticated VMs use dynamic recompilation, in which the VM can analyze the behavior of the running program and selectively recompile and optimise critical parts of the program. Dynamic recompilation can achieve optimizations superior to static compilation because the dynamic compiler can base optimizations on knowledge about the runtime environment and the set of loaded classes. JIT compilation and dynamic recompilation allow Java programs to take advantage of the speed of native code without losing portability.
Portability is a technically difficult goal to achieve, and Java's success at that goal has been mixed. Although it is indeed possible to write programs for the Java platform that behave consistently across many host platforms, the large number of available platforms with small errors or inconsistencies led some to parody Sun's "Write once, run anywhere" slogan as "Write once, debug everywhere".
Platform-independent Java is however very successful with server-side applications, such as Web services, servlets, and Enterprise JavaBeans, as well as with Embedded systems based on OSGi, using Embedded Java environments.
[edit]
Automatic garbage collection
One possible argument against languages such as C++ is that programmers should be spared the burden of having to perform manual memory management. In C++, the programmer must allocate memory to create any object stored on the heap, and deallocate memory to delete any such objects. If a programmer forgets to deallocate memory or writes code that fails to do so in a timely fashion, a memory leak can occur: the program will consume a potentially arbitrarily large amount of memory. In addition, if a region of memory is deallocated twice, the program can become unstable and may crash.
In Java, this potential problem is avoided by automatic garbage collection. The programmer determines when objects are created and the Java runtime is responsible for managing the objects' lifecycle. The program or other objects can reference an object by holding a reference to it (which, from a low-level point of view, is its address on the heap). When no references to an object remain, the Java garbage collector automatically deletes the unreachable object, freeing memory and preventing a memory leak. Memory leaks may still occur if a programmer's code holds a reference to an object that is no longer needed—in other words, they can still occur but at higher conceptual levels. On the whole, Java's automatic garbage collection makes creation and deletion of objects in Java simpler, potentially safer, and often faster than in C++.
Like many comparisons between Java and C++, it is possible in C++ to implement similar functionality (for example, a memory management model for specific classes can be designed in C++ to improve speed and lower memory fragmentation considerably), but doing so requires extra development time and adds considerable complexity to an application. In Java, garbage collection is built in and virtually invisible to the developer. That is, developers may have no notion of when garbage collection will take place as it may not necessarily correlate with any actions being explicitly performed by the code they write.
[edit]
Syntax
Main article: Java syntax
The syntax of Java is largely derived from C++. But unlike C++, which combines the syntax for structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built from the ground up to be fully object-oriented. Everything in Java is an object (with a few exceptions), and everything in Java is written inside a class.
[edit]
Hello world
For an explanation of the tradition of programming "Hello World" see: Hello world program.
[edit]
Stand-alone application
// Hello.java
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
The above example merits a bit of explanation.
* Everything in Java is written inside a class, including stand-alone programs.
* Source files are by convention named the same as the class they contain, appending the mandatory suffix .java. A class which is declared public is required to follow this convention. (In this case, the class is Hello, therefore the source must be stored in a file called Hello.java).
* The compiler will generate a class file for each class defined in the source file. The name of the class file is the name of the class, with .class appended. For class file generation, anonymous classes are treated as if their name was the concatenation of the name of their enclosing class, a $, and a sequential integer starting with 0.
* Programs to be executed as stand-alone must have a main() method.
* The keyword void indicates that the main method does not return anything.
* The main method must accept an array of String objects. By convention, it is referenced as args although any other legal identifier name can be used.
* The keyword static indicates that the method is a class method, associated with the class rather than object instances. Main methods must be static.
* The keyword public denotes that a method can be called from code in other classes, or that a class may be used by classes outside the class hierarchy. Main methods must also be public.
* The printing facility is part of the Java standard library: The System class defines a public static field called out. The out object is an instance of the PrintStream class and provides the method println(String) for displaying data to the screen (standard out).
* Standalone programs are run by giving the Java runtime the name of the class whose main method is to be invoked. For example, at a Unix command line java -cp . Hello will start the above program (compiled into Hello.class) from the current directory. The name of the class whose main method is to be invoked can also be specified in the MANIFEST of a Java archive (Jar) file.
[edit]
Applet
Main article: Java applet
Java applets are programs that are embedded in other applications, typically in a Web page displayed in a Web browser.
// Hello.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class Hello extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics gc) {
gc.drawString("Hello, world!", 65, 95);
}
}
%26lt;!-- Hello.html --%26gt;
%26lt;html%26gt;
%26lt;head%26gt;
%26lt;title%26gt;Hello World Applet%26lt;/title%26gt;
%26lt;/head%26gt;
%26lt;body%26gt;
%26lt;applet code="Hello" width="200" height="200"%26gt;
%26lt;/applet%26gt;
%26lt;/body%26gt;
%26lt;/html%26gt;
The import statements direct the Java compiler to include the java.applet.Applet and java.awt.Graphics classes in the compilation. The import statement allows these classes to be referenced in the source code using the simple class name (i.e. Applet) instead of the fully-qualified class name (i.e. java.applet.Applet).
The Hello class extends (subclasses) the Applet class; the Applet class provides the framework for the host application to display and control the lifecycle of the applet. The Applet class is an Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) Component, which provides the applet with the capability to display a graphical user interface (GUI) and respond to user events.
The Hello class overrides the paint(Graphics) method inherited from the Container superclass to provide the code to display the applet. The paint() method is passed a Graphics object that contains the graphic context used to display the applet. The paint() method calls the graphic context drawString(String, int, int) method to display the "Hello, world!" string at a pixel offset of (65, 95) in the applet's display.
An applet is placed in an HTML document using the %26lt;applet%26gt; HTML element. The applet tag has three attributes set: code="Hello" specifies the name of the Applet class and width="200" height="200" sets the pixel width and height of the applet. (Applets may also be embedded in HTML using either the object or embed element, although support for these elements by Web browsers is inconsistent.[4][5])
[edit]
Servlet
Java servlets are server-side Java EE components that generate responses to requests from clients.
// Hello.java
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class Hello extends GenericServlet {
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("Hello, world!");
pw.close();
}
}
The import statements direct the Java compiler to include all of the public classes and interfaces from the java.io and javax.servlet packages in the compilation.
The Hello class extends the GenericServlet class; the GenericServlet class provides the interface for the server to forward requests to the servlet and control the servlet's lifecycle.
The Hello class overrides the service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) method defined by the Servlet interface to provide the code for the service request handler. The service() method is passed a ServletRequest object that contains the request from the client and a ServletResponse object used to create the response returned to the client. The service() method declares that it throws the exceptions ServletException and IOException if a problem prevents it from responding to the request.
The setContentType(String) method in the response object is called to set the MIME content type of the returned data to "text/html". The getWriter() method in the response returns a PrintWriter object that is used to write the data that is sent to the client. The println(String) method is called to write the "Hello, world!" string to the response and then the close() method is called to close the print writer, which causes the data that has been written to the stream to be returned to the client.
[edit]
Swing application
Swing is the advanced graphical user interface library for the Java SE platform.
// Hello.java
import javax.swing.*;
public class Hello extends JFrame {
Hello() {
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants...
add(new JLabel("Hello, world!"));
pack();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Hello().setVisible(true);
}
}
The import statement directs the Java compiler to include all of the public classes and interfaces from the javax.swing package in the compilation.
The Hello class extends the JFrame class; the JFrame class implements a window with a title bar with a close control.
The Hello() constructor initializes the frame by first calling the setDefaultCloseOperation(int) method inherited from JFrame to set the default operation when the close control on the title bar is selected to WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE—this causes the JFrame to be disposed of when the frame is closed (as opposed to merely hidden), which allows the JVM to exit and the program to terminate. Next a new JLabel is created for the string "Hello, world!" and the add(Component) method inherited from the Container superclass is called to add the label to the frame. The pack() method inherited from the Window superclass is called to size the window and layout its contents.
The main() method is called by the JVM when the program starts. It instantiates a new Hello frame and causes it to be displayed by calling the setVisible(boolean) method inherited from the Component superclass with the boolean parameter true. Note that once the frame is displayed, exiting the main method does not cause the program to terminate because the AWT event dispatching thread remains active until all of the Swing top-level windows have been disposed.
[edit]
Criticism
Main article: Java criticisms
Java was intended to serve as a novel way to manage software complexity. Most consider Java technology to deliver reasonably well on this promise. However, Java is not without flaws, and it does not universally accommodate all programming styles, environments, or requirements (see Java criticisms for a thorough analysis of common criticisms about the language).
* Performance : Partly due to the early versions of the language, Java has often been perceived as significantly slower, and more memory-consuming, than natively compiled languages such as C or C++. Performance has increased a lot since then, and relative performance of JIT compilers as compared to native compilers can be quite close, and is often a subject of debate.
* Look and feel : The default look and feel of GUI applications written in Java using the Swing toolkit is very different from native applications. It is possible to specify a different look and feel through the pluggable look and feel system and clones of Windows, Mac and Motif are supplied by Sun but some consider these to be far from perfect. Java SE 6 addresses this problem to better match underlying platforms.
* Language choices :
o Java designers decided not to implement certain features present in other languages, including:
+ multiple inheritance
+ operator overloading
+ class properties
+ tuples
o Java's primitive types are not objects. Primitive types hold their values in the stack rather than being references to values. This was a conscious decision by Java's designers for performance reasons. Because of this, Java is not considered to be a pure object-oriented programming language. However, as of Java 5.0, autoboxing enables programmers to write as if primitive types are their wrapper classes, and freely interchange between them, giving high performance with flexibility.
o Java is predominantly a single-paradigm language. The addition of static imports in Java 5.0 accomodates the procedural paradigm better than earlier versions of Java.
* Classpath : Installing the JRE requires explicitly setting the classpath and Java is unforgiving if you do it wrong. This confuses a lot of people new to Java.
[edit]
Resources
[edit]
Java Runtime Environment
The Java Runtime Environment or JRE is the software required to run any application deployed on the Java Platform. End-users commonly use a JRE in software packages and Web browser plugins. Sun also distributes a superset of the JRE called the Java 2 SDK (more commonly known as the JDK), which includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, and debugger.
[edit]
Components
* Java libraries that are the compiled byte codes of source code developed by the JRE implementor to support application development in Java. Examples of these libraries are:
o The core libraries, which include:
+ Collection libraries which implement data structures such as lists, dictionaries, trees and sets
+ XML Parsing libraries
+ Security
+ Internationalization and localization libraries
o The integration libraries, which allow the application writer to communicate with external systems. These libraries include:
+ The Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API for database access
+ Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) for lookup and discovery
+ RMI and CORBA for distributed application development
o User Interface libraries, which include:
+ The (heavyweight, or native) Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT), which provides GUI components, the means for laying out those components and the means for handling events from those components
+ The (lightweight) Swing libraries, which are built on AWT but provide (non-native) implementations of the AWT widgetry
+ APIs for audio capture, processing, and playback
* A platform dependent implementation of Java virtual machine (JVM) which is the means by which the byte codes of the Java libraries and third party applications are executed
* Plugins, which enable applets to be run in Web browsers
* Java Web Start, which allows Java applications to be efficiently distributed to end users across the Internet
* Licensing and documentation
[edit]
APIs
Sun has defined three platforms targeting different application environments and segmented many of its APIs so that they belong to one of the platforms. The platforms are:
* Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) — targeting environments with limited resources,
* Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) — targeting workstation environments, and
* Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) — targeting large distributed enterprise or Internet environments.
The classes in the Java APIs are organized into separate groups called packages. Each package contains a set of related interfaces, classes and exceptions. Refer to the separate platforms for a description of the packages available.
The set of APIs is controlled by Sun Microsystems in cooperation with others through the Java Community Process program. Companies or individuals participating in this process can influence the design and development of the APIs. This process has been a subject of controversy.
In 2004, IBM and BEA publicly supported the notion of creating an official open source implementation of Java. As of 2006, Sun has agreed that they will eventually open source Java, the When and How are still to be defined.
[edit]
Extensions and related architectures
The extensions to standard Java are typically in javax.* packages. They are not included in the JDK or JRE. Extensions and architectures closely tied to the Java programming language include:
* Java EE (previously J2EE) (Java Platform, Enterprise Edition—for distributed enterprise applications)
* Java ME (previously J2ME) (Java Platform, Micro Edition—for PDAs and cellular phones)
* JMF (Java Media Framework)
* JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface)
* JSML (Java Speech API Markup Language)
* JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
* JDO (Java Data Objects)
* JAI (Java Advanced Imaging)
* JAIN (Java API for Integrated Networks)
* JDMK (Java Dynamic Management Kit)
* Jini (a network architecture for the construction of federated distributed systems)
* Jiro
* Java Card
* JavaSpaces
* JML (Java Modeling Language)
* JMI (Java Metadata Interface)
* JMX (Java Management Extensions)
* JSP (JavaServer Pages)
* JSF (JavaServer Faces)
* JNI (Java Native Interface)
* JXTA (Open Protocols for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Virtual Network)
* Java 3D (A high level API for 3D graphics programming)
* JOGL (Java OpenGL—A low level API for 3D graphics programming, using OpenGL)
* LWJGL (Light Weight Java Game Library—A low level API providing access to OpenGL, OpenAL and various input devices)
* OSGi (Dynamic Service Management and Remote Maintenance)
[edit]
See also
* Java syntax
* Java keywords
* Java virtual machine
* Java platform
* Java applet
* Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE, J2SE)
* JavaOS
* Comparison of Java and C++
* Comparison of C# and Java
* Comparison of programming languages
* Java User Group
* Java Community Process
* JavaOne
* Join Java programming language
* Javapedia
* Inferno operating system
[edit]
Lists
* List of articles with Java source code
* List of Java scripting languages
* Java platform software
* Java development tools
* List of Java virtual machines
[edit]
References
* Jon Byous, Java technology: The early years. Sun Developer Network, no date [ca. 1998]. Retrieved April 22, 2005.
* James Gosling, A brief history of the Green project. Java.net, no date [ca. Q1/1998]. Retrieved April 22, 2005.
* James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, and Gilad Bracha, The Java language specification, third edition. Addison-Wesley, 2005. ISBN 0321246780 (see also online edition of the specification.
* Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin. The Java Virtual Machine specification, second edition. Addison-Wesley, 1999. ISBN 0201432943.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_progra...
Can we do system programming through java like that in C language?
I would say that you could not get the performance from Java that you could get from c. This is because Java is a garbage collected or managed language, meaning the system cleans up the garbage or objects no longer in use. This makes the program a bit bigger then you would need for systems programming, and would slow it down.
The other thing is, Java being an interpreted language, it would take time to interpret it and your system would be slow as a result. Even using technology like a Just In Time compiler possibly would not outwieght the disadvantage of the maanged software.
System programming needs to be small, efficient, and most importantly fast. Many years of research have gone into finding little ways of making the program run that little bit faster, and not use as many resources by using technoques that could be restricted by using a managed programming language.
Reply:Java has very few interfaces and classes that actually modify System settings - one of its few weaknesses against C.
why? basically, because Java is designed to be system-independent. that means that you can run a single Java class file on different systems without having to recompile it. this may be efficient and practical, but it does mean that Java can't pack too much system-specific methods and classes like C can. if it did, then Java wouldn't be system-independent.
example? Java doesn't even have a method to clear the console window (where the System.out OutputStream writes to). it can't utilize one, because to clear the system console requires different procedures on different systems. C, on the other hand has the clrscr function (if i'm not mistaken), because C is compiled with the system to run on in mind.
Reply:The Headstart You Need on Your Development Time.
Embed db4o's native Java and .NET open source object database engine into your product and store even the most complex object structures with only one line of code.
db4o slashes development cost and time, provides superior performance, and requires no DBA. Download a free version of db4o under the GPL licensehttp://www.db4o.com/Default.aspx?AspxAut...
http://java.sun.com/
Java programming language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Java
Paradigm: object-oriented
Appeared in: 1990s
Designed by: Sun Microsystems
Typing discipline: strong, static
Major implementations: Sun Microsystems NetBeans, Borland JBuilder
Influenced by: Objective-C, C++, Smalltalk
Influenced: C#, D, J#, VJ#
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Unlike conventional languages which are generally designed to be compiled to native code, Java is compiled to a bytecode which is then run (generally using JIT compilation) by a Java virtual machine.
The language itself borrows much syntax from C and C++ but has a much simpler object model and does away with low-level tools like programmer-manipulated pointers.
Java is only distantly related to JavaScript, though they have similar names and share a C-like syntax.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Version history
* 2 Philosophy
o 2.1 Object orientation
o 2.2 Platform independence
o 2.3 Automatic garbage collection
* 3 Syntax
o 3.1 Hello world
+ 3.1.1 Stand-alone application
+ 3.1.2 Applet
+ 3.1.3 Servlet
+ 3.1.4 Swing application
* 4 Criticism
* 5 Resources
o 5.1 Java Runtime Environment
+ 5.1.1 Components
o 5.2 APIs
o 5.3 Extensions and related architectures
* 6 See also
o 6.1 Lists
* 7 References
* 8 External links
o 8.1 Sun
o 8.2 Java Specification Requests
o 8.3 Tutorials
o 8.4 Resources
o 8.5 Java Integrated Development Environments
o 8.6 History
o 8.7 Java Implementations
+ 8.7.1 Proprietary
+ 8.7.2 Open Source
o 8.8 Criticism
o 8.9 Java-like languages
[edit]
Version history
Main article: Java (Sun)
As with other parts of the Java platform, the Java language has evolved over the years while largely maintaining backwards compatibility.
* JDK 1.0 (January 23, 1996) — Initial release. (press release)
* JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997) (press release)
o inner classes added to the language
* J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998) — Codename Playground. This and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). Major additions included: (press release)
o strictfp keyword
* J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000) — Codename Kestrel. (press release)(full list of changes)
* J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002) — Codename Merlin. This was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59.(press release)(full list of changes)
* J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004) — Codename Tiger. (Originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number.[1]) Developed under JSR 176, Tiger added a number of significant new language features: (press release)(full list of changes)
o Generics — provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts. (Specified by JSR 14.)
o Metadata — also called annotations, allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities. (Specified by JSR 175.)
o Autoboxing/unboxing — automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer). (Specified by JSR 201.)
o Enumerations — the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.). Previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern). (Specified by JSR 201.)
o Varargs — the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)). In the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method.
o Enhanced for loop — the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable, such as the standard Collection classes, using a construct of the form:
void displayWidgets (Iterable%26lt;Widget%26gt; widgets) {
for (Widget w : widgets) {
w.display();
}
}
This example iterates over the Iterable object widgets, assigning each of its items in turn to the variable w, and then calling the Widget method display() for each item. (Specified by JSR 201.)
* Java SE 6 — Codename Mustang. As of 2006 this is currently in development under JSR 270. A beta version was released on February 15, 2006.(press release) Beta 2 was released on June 15, 2006 and is available at http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/ea.... The final release is expected autumn 2006. New builds including enhancements and bug fixes are released approximately weekly. As of this version, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.[2]
* Java SE 7 — Codename Dolphin. This is in the early planning stages. The Dolphin Project will start up in late July, with release estimated in 2008.[3]
In addition to the language changes, much more dramatic changes have been made to the Java class library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5.0. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated.
[edit]
Philosophy
There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:
1. It should use the object-oriented programming methodology.
2. It should allow the same program to be executed on multiple operating systems.
3. It should contain built-in support for using computer networks.
4. It should be designed to execute code from remote sources securely.
5. It should be easy to use and borrow the good parts of older object-oriented languages like C++.
To achieve the goals of networking support and remote code execution, Java programmers sometimes find it necessary to use extensions such as CORBA, Internet Communications Engine, or OSGi.
[edit]
Object orientation
The first characteristic, object orientation ("OO"), refers to a method of programming and language design. Although there are many interpretations of OO, one primary distinguishing idea is to design software so that the various types of data it manipulates are combined together with their relevant operations. Thus, data and code are combined into entities called objects. An object can be thought of as a self-contained bundle of behavior (code) and state (data). The principle is to separate the things that change from the things that stay the same; often, a change to some data structure requires a corresponding change to the code that operates on that data, or vice versa. This separation into coherent objects provides a more stable foundation for a software system's design. The intent is to make large software projects easier to manage, thus improving quality and reducing the number of failed projects.
Another primary goal of OO programming is to develop more generic objects so that software can become more reusable between projects. A generic "customer" object, for example, should in theory have roughly the same basic set of behaviors between different software projects, especially when these projects overlap on some fundamental level as they often do in large organizations. In this sense, software objects can hopefully be seen more as pluggable components, helping the software industry build projects largely from existing and well tested pieces, thus leading to a massive reduction in development times. Software reusability has met with mixed practical results, with two main difficulties: the design of truly generic objects is poorly-understood, and a methodology for broad communication of reuse opportunities is lacking. Some open source communities want to help ease the reuse problem, by providing authors with ways to disseminate information about generally reusable objects and object libraries.
[edit]
Platform independence
The look and feel of Java Swing GUIs is independent of the platform on which they are running
Enlarge
The look and feel of Java Swing GUIs is independent of the platform on which they are running
The second characteristic, platform independence, means that programs written in the Java language must run similarly on diverse hardware. One should be able to write a program once and run it anywhere.
This is achieved by most Java compilers by compiling the Java language code "halfway" to bytecode (specifically Java bytecode)—simplified machine instructions specific to the Java platform. The code is then run on a virtual machine (VM), a program written in native code on the host hardware that interprets and executes generic Java bytecode. Further, standardized libraries are provided to allow access to features of the host machines (such as graphics, threading and networking) in unified ways. Note that, although there's an explicit compiling stage, at some point, the Java bytecode is interpreted or converted to native machine instructions by the JIT compiler.
There are also implementations of Java compilers that compile to native object code, such as GCJ, removing the intermediate bytecode stage, but the output of these compilers can only be run on a single architecture.
Sun's license for Java insists that all implementations be "compatible". This resulted in a legal dispute with Microsoft after Sun claimed that the Microsoft implementation did not support the RMI and JNI interfaces and had added platform-specific features of their own. Sun sued and won both damages (some $20 million) and a court order enforcing the terms of the license from Sun. In response, Microsoft no longer ships Java with Windows, and in recent versions of Windows, Internet Explorer cannot support Java applets without a third-party plugin. However, Sun and others have made available Java run-time systems at no cost for those and other versions of Windows.
The first implementations of the language used an interpreted virtual machine to achieve portability. These implementations produced programs that ran more slowly than programs written in C or C++, so the language suffered a reputation for poor performance. More recent JVM implementations produce programs that run significantly faster than before, using multiple techniques.
The first technique is to simply compile directly into native code like a more traditional compiler, skipping bytecodes entirely. This achieves good performance, but at the expense of portability. Another technique, known as just-in-time compilation (JIT), translates the Java bytecodes into native code at the time that the program is run. More sophisticated VMs use dynamic recompilation, in which the VM can analyze the behavior of the running program and selectively recompile and optimise critical parts of the program. Dynamic recompilation can achieve optimizations superior to static compilation because the dynamic compiler can base optimizations on knowledge about the runtime environment and the set of loaded classes. JIT compilation and dynamic recompilation allow Java programs to take advantage of the speed of native code without losing portability.
Portability is a technically difficult goal to achieve, and Java's success at that goal has been mixed. Although it is indeed possible to write programs for the Java platform that behave consistently across many host platforms, the large number of available platforms with small errors or inconsistencies led some to parody Sun's "Write once, run anywhere" slogan as "Write once, debug everywhere".
Platform-independent Java is however very successful with server-side applications, such as Web services, servlets, and Enterprise JavaBeans, as well as with Embedded systems based on OSGi, using Embedded Java environments.
[edit]
Automatic garbage collection
One possible argument against languages such as C++ is that programmers should be spared the burden of having to perform manual memory management. In C++, the programmer must allocate memory to create any object stored on the heap, and deallocate memory to delete any such objects. If a programmer forgets to deallocate memory or writes code that fails to do so in a timely fashion, a memory leak can occur: the program will consume a potentially arbitrarily large amount of memory. In addition, if a region of memory is deallocated twice, the program can become unstable and may crash.
In Java, this potential problem is avoided by automatic garbage collection. The programmer determines when objects are created and the Java runtime is responsible for managing the objects' lifecycle. The program or other objects can reference an object by holding a reference to it (which, from a low-level point of view, is its address on the heap). When no references to an object remain, the Java garbage collector automatically deletes the unreachable object, freeing memory and preventing a memory leak. Memory leaks may still occur if a programmer's code holds a reference to an object that is no longer needed—in other words, they can still occur but at higher conceptual levels. On the whole, Java's automatic garbage collection makes creation and deletion of objects in Java simpler, potentially safer, and often faster than in C++.
Like many comparisons between Java and C++, it is possible in C++ to implement similar functionality (for example, a memory management model for specific classes can be designed in C++ to improve speed and lower memory fragmentation considerably), but doing so requires extra development time and adds considerable complexity to an application. In Java, garbage collection is built in and virtually invisible to the developer. That is, developers may have no notion of when garbage collection will take place as it may not necessarily correlate with any actions being explicitly performed by the code they write.
[edit]
Syntax
Main article: Java syntax
The syntax of Java is largely derived from C++. But unlike C++, which combines the syntax for structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built from the ground up to be fully object-oriented. Everything in Java is an object (with a few exceptions), and everything in Java is written inside a class.
[edit]
Hello world
For an explanation of the tradition of programming "Hello World" see: Hello world program.
[edit]
Stand-alone application
// Hello.java
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
The above example merits a bit of explanation.
* Everything in Java is written inside a class, including stand-alone programs.
* Source files are by convention named the same as the class they contain, appending the mandatory suffix .java. A class which is declared public is required to follow this convention. (In this case, the class is Hello, therefore the source must be stored in a file called Hello.java).
* The compiler will generate a class file for each class defined in the source file. The name of the class file is the name of the class, with .class appended. For class file generation, anonymous classes are treated as if their name was the concatenation of the name of their enclosing class, a $, and a sequential integer starting with 0.
* Programs to be executed as stand-alone must have a main() method.
* The keyword void indicates that the main method does not return anything.
* The main method must accept an array of String objects. By convention, it is referenced as args although any other legal identifier name can be used.
* The keyword static indicates that the method is a class method, associated with the class rather than object instances. Main methods must be static.
* The keyword public denotes that a method can be called from code in other classes, or that a class may be used by classes outside the class hierarchy. Main methods must also be public.
* The printing facility is part of the Java standard library: The System class defines a public static field called out. The out object is an instance of the PrintStream class and provides the method println(String) for displaying data to the screen (standard out).
* Standalone programs are run by giving the Java runtime the name of the class whose main method is to be invoked. For example, at a Unix command line java -cp . Hello will start the above program (compiled into Hello.class) from the current directory. The name of the class whose main method is to be invoked can also be specified in the MANIFEST of a Java archive (Jar) file.
[edit]
Applet
Main article: Java applet
Java applets are programs that are embedded in other applications, typically in a Web page displayed in a Web browser.
// Hello.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class Hello extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics gc) {
gc.drawString("Hello, world!", 65, 95);
}
}
%26lt;!-- Hello.html --%26gt;
%26lt;html%26gt;
%26lt;head%26gt;
%26lt;title%26gt;Hello World Applet%26lt;/title%26gt;
%26lt;/head%26gt;
%26lt;body%26gt;
%26lt;applet code="Hello" width="200" height="200"%26gt;
%26lt;/applet%26gt;
%26lt;/body%26gt;
%26lt;/html%26gt;
The import statements direct the Java compiler to include the java.applet.Applet and java.awt.Graphics classes in the compilation. The import statement allows these classes to be referenced in the source code using the simple class name (i.e. Applet) instead of the fully-qualified class name (i.e. java.applet.Applet).
The Hello class extends (subclasses) the Applet class; the Applet class provides the framework for the host application to display and control the lifecycle of the applet. The Applet class is an Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) Component, which provides the applet with the capability to display a graphical user interface (GUI) and respond to user events.
The Hello class overrides the paint(Graphics) method inherited from the Container superclass to provide the code to display the applet. The paint() method is passed a Graphics object that contains the graphic context used to display the applet. The paint() method calls the graphic context drawString(String, int, int) method to display the "Hello, world!" string at a pixel offset of (65, 95) in the applet's display.
An applet is placed in an HTML document using the %26lt;applet%26gt; HTML element. The applet tag has three attributes set: code="Hello" specifies the name of the Applet class and width="200" height="200" sets the pixel width and height of the applet. (Applets may also be embedded in HTML using either the object or embed element, although support for these elements by Web browsers is inconsistent.[4][5])
[edit]
Servlet
Java servlets are server-side Java EE components that generate responses to requests from clients.
// Hello.java
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class Hello extends GenericServlet {
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("Hello, world!");
pw.close();
}
}
The import statements direct the Java compiler to include all of the public classes and interfaces from the java.io and javax.servlet packages in the compilation.
The Hello class extends the GenericServlet class; the GenericServlet class provides the interface for the server to forward requests to the servlet and control the servlet's lifecycle.
The Hello class overrides the service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) method defined by the Servlet interface to provide the code for the service request handler. The service() method is passed a ServletRequest object that contains the request from the client and a ServletResponse object used to create the response returned to the client. The service() method declares that it throws the exceptions ServletException and IOException if a problem prevents it from responding to the request.
The setContentType(String) method in the response object is called to set the MIME content type of the returned data to "text/html". The getWriter() method in the response returns a PrintWriter object that is used to write the data that is sent to the client. The println(String) method is called to write the "Hello, world!" string to the response and then the close() method is called to close the print writer, which causes the data that has been written to the stream to be returned to the client.
[edit]
Swing application
Swing is the advanced graphical user interface library for the Java SE platform.
// Hello.java
import javax.swing.*;
public class Hello extends JFrame {
Hello() {
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants...
add(new JLabel("Hello, world!"));
pack();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Hello().setVisible(true);
}
}
The import statement directs the Java compiler to include all of the public classes and interfaces from the javax.swing package in the compilation.
The Hello class extends the JFrame class; the JFrame class implements a window with a title bar with a close control.
The Hello() constructor initializes the frame by first calling the setDefaultCloseOperation(int) method inherited from JFrame to set the default operation when the close control on the title bar is selected to WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE—this causes the JFrame to be disposed of when the frame is closed (as opposed to merely hidden), which allows the JVM to exit and the program to terminate. Next a new JLabel is created for the string "Hello, world!" and the add(Component) method inherited from the Container superclass is called to add the label to the frame. The pack() method inherited from the Window superclass is called to size the window and layout its contents.
The main() method is called by the JVM when the program starts. It instantiates a new Hello frame and causes it to be displayed by calling the setVisible(boolean) method inherited from the Component superclass with the boolean parameter true. Note that once the frame is displayed, exiting the main method does not cause the program to terminate because the AWT event dispatching thread remains active until all of the Swing top-level windows have been disposed.
[edit]
Criticism
Main article: Java criticisms
Java was intended to serve as a novel way to manage software complexity. Most consider Java technology to deliver reasonably well on this promise. However, Java is not without flaws, and it does not universally accommodate all programming styles, environments, or requirements (see Java criticisms for a thorough analysis of common criticisms about the language).
* Performance : Partly due to the early versions of the language, Java has often been perceived as significantly slower, and more memory-consuming, than natively compiled languages such as C or C++. Performance has increased a lot since then, and relative performance of JIT compilers as compared to native compilers can be quite close, and is often a subject of debate.
* Look and feel : The default look and feel of GUI applications written in Java using the Swing toolkit is very different from native applications. It is possible to specify a different look and feel through the pluggable look and feel system and clones of Windows, Mac and Motif are supplied by Sun but some consider these to be far from perfect. Java SE 6 addresses this problem to better match underlying platforms.
* Language choices :
o Java designers decided not to implement certain features present in other languages, including:
+ multiple inheritance
+ operator overloading
+ class properties
+ tuples
o Java's primitive types are not objects. Primitive types hold their values in the stack rather than being references to values. This was a conscious decision by Java's designers for performance reasons. Because of this, Java is not considered to be a pure object-oriented programming language. However, as of Java 5.0, autoboxing enables programmers to write as if primitive types are their wrapper classes, and freely interchange between them, giving high performance with flexibility.
o Java is predominantly a single-paradigm language. The addition of static imports in Java 5.0 accomodates the procedural paradigm better than earlier versions of Java.
* Classpath : Installing the JRE requires explicitly setting the classpath and Java is unforgiving if you do it wrong. This confuses a lot of people new to Java.
[edit]
Resources
[edit]
Java Runtime Environment
The Java Runtime Environment or JRE is the software required to run any application deployed on the Java Platform. End-users commonly use a JRE in software packages and Web browser plugins. Sun also distributes a superset of the JRE called the Java 2 SDK (more commonly known as the JDK), which includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, and debugger.
[edit]
Components
* Java libraries that are the compiled byte codes of source code developed by the JRE implementor to support application development in Java. Examples of these libraries are:
o The core libraries, which include:
+ Collection libraries which implement data structures such as lists, dictionaries, trees and sets
+ XML Parsing libraries
+ Security
+ Internationalization and localization libraries
o The integration libraries, which allow the application writer to communicate with external systems. These libraries include:
+ The Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API for database access
+ Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) for lookup and discovery
+ RMI and CORBA for distributed application development
o User Interface libraries, which include:
+ The (heavyweight, or native) Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT), which provides GUI components, the means for laying out those components and the means for handling events from those components
+ The (lightweight) Swing libraries, which are built on AWT but provide (non-native) implementations of the AWT widgetry
+ APIs for audio capture, processing, and playback
* A platform dependent implementation of Java virtual machine (JVM) which is the means by which the byte codes of the Java libraries and third party applications are executed
* Plugins, which enable applets to be run in Web browsers
* Java Web Start, which allows Java applications to be efficiently distributed to end users across the Internet
* Licensing and documentation
[edit]
APIs
Sun has defined three platforms targeting different application environments and segmented many of its APIs so that they belong to one of the platforms. The platforms are:
* Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) — targeting environments with limited resources,
* Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) — targeting workstation environments, and
* Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) — targeting large distributed enterprise or Internet environments.
The classes in the Java APIs are organized into separate groups called packages. Each package contains a set of related interfaces, classes and exceptions. Refer to the separate platforms for a description of the packages available.
The set of APIs is controlled by Sun Microsystems in cooperation with others through the Java Community Process program. Companies or individuals participating in this process can influence the design and development of the APIs. This process has been a subject of controversy.
In 2004, IBM and BEA publicly supported the notion of creating an official open source implementation of Java. As of 2006, Sun has agreed that they will eventually open source Java, the When and How are still to be defined.
[edit]
Extensions and related architectures
The extensions to standard Java are typically in javax.* packages. They are not included in the JDK or JRE. Extensions and architectures closely tied to the Java programming language include:
* Java EE (previously J2EE) (Java Platform, Enterprise Edition—for distributed enterprise applications)
* Java ME (previously J2ME) (Java Platform, Micro Edition—for PDAs and cellular phones)
* JMF (Java Media Framework)
* JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface)
* JSML (Java Speech API Markup Language)
* JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
* JDO (Java Data Objects)
* JAI (Java Advanced Imaging)
* JAIN (Java API for Integrated Networks)
* JDMK (Java Dynamic Management Kit)
* Jini (a network architecture for the construction of federated distributed systems)
* Jiro
* Java Card
* JavaSpaces
* JML (Java Modeling Language)
* JMI (Java Metadata Interface)
* JMX (Java Management Extensions)
* JSP (JavaServer Pages)
* JSF (JavaServer Faces)
* JNI (Java Native Interface)
* JXTA (Open Protocols for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Virtual Network)
* Java 3D (A high level API for 3D graphics programming)
* JOGL (Java OpenGL—A low level API for 3D graphics programming, using OpenGL)
* LWJGL (Light Weight Java Game Library—A low level API providing access to OpenGL, OpenAL and various input devices)
* OSGi (Dynamic Service Management and Remote Maintenance)
[edit]
See also
* Java syntax
* Java keywords
* Java virtual machine
* Java platform
* Java applet
* Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE, J2SE)
* JavaOS
* Comparison of Java and C++
* Comparison of C# and Java
* Comparison of programming languages
* Java User Group
* Java Community Process
* JavaOne
* Join Java programming language
* Javapedia
* Inferno operating system
[edit]
Lists
* List of articles with Java source code
* List of Java scripting languages
* Java platform software
* Java development tools
* List of Java virtual machines
[edit]
References
* Jon Byous, Java technology: The early years. Sun Developer Network, no date [ca. 1998]. Retrieved April 22, 2005.
* James Gosling, A brief history of the Green project. Java.net, no date [ca. Q1/1998]. Retrieved April 22, 2005.
* James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, and Gilad Bracha, The Java language specification, third edition. Addison-Wesley, 2005. ISBN 0321246780 (see also online edition of the specification.
* Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin. The Java Virtual Machine specification, second edition. Addison-Wesley, 1999. ISBN 0201432943.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_progra...
Hi, i would like to learn everything about .net sql java c# and visual basic?
I have no experiance in programming so i dont know where to start and where to end please help
Hi, i would like to learn everything about .net sql java c# and visual basic?
I disagree about learning Visual Basic. Microsoft seems to be moving more and more toward C# so you may want to bypass VB. That isn't to say that VB won't be around for a while but the trend is moving toward C#.
Don't rule out learning Java, especially if your interest is more toward server based development.
As for where to learn it, there are plenty of books and online resources, too many to recommend "the best". If you prefer hard copy books, I'd recommend visiting your local book store and looking through their slightly out of date book so you can pick it up at a cheaper price. For getting started in any language, I'm sure you won't care as much about the latest changes that really don't have an impact on learning the basics of the language.
Reply:errrr. I recently learned a great deal about VB. I would start off by learning VB as it is the easiest out of the lot of them.
Reply:Head First books are a great introduction to a subject, and lucky you, they just released a SQL one:
http://headfirstlabs.com/books/hfsql/
http://headfirstlabs.com/books/hfjava/
http://headfirstlabs.com/books/hfcsharp/
I'd suggest that at first, you pick an interpreted language like Ruby to learn the very basics of programming ( variables, functions, and so on ). Ruby has a mode called "irb" - interactive ruby - that lets you see what your commands do instantly, which is a great way to experiment.
Each language has its differences, and you should only tackle one at once. I'd suggest Java first, here's another book you can buy or download the previous version for free:
http://www.mindviewinc.com/Books/TIJ4/Pu...
http://www.mindviewinc.com/
Reply:Good luck... I'm not being funny but I hope you have a spare 10 years or so, because thats a conservative estimate as to how long it would take to master all of the above.
SQL is undoubtedly the simplest of them all, so that may not be a bad starting point (although it is also very different from the others as it is not a programming language).C# and Java are also very similar, however the best advise anyone could give you is take it one step at a time... don't try to learn too much at the one time.
Personally I would start with Java and learn that alongside UML so that you get a strong grounding in object orientated design.
Another language you may consider is Python... it's a great language for learning the principals of programing (although it is procedural).
Good luck.... you have a long road ahead of you
Reply:Ok - first, you need to learn good ol' basic programming skills, and I think personally that VB is the best language for this. Pick up a book that has some actual tutorials in it (like Deitel's "Simply VB.Net) and start there. Once you feel comfortable with the basic logic structures (loops, decisions, etc) then I would start learning some basic SQL - again, I would get a beginner's book on it. Lastly, after you have gotten VB down pretty well, and know a little SQL, I would move on to a more object oriented language like C# or Java (actually, they are very similar, so if you learn one, you pretty much know the other). One thing to keep in mind is that it is almost impossible to learn EVERYTHING about anyhting in IT - most people pick something they like, or are good at, and specialize in it, picking up other stuff as they go along. So be patient with yourself, and take it one step at a time. Good luck, and happy coding : )
Hi, i would like to learn everything about .net sql java c# and visual basic?
I disagree about learning Visual Basic. Microsoft seems to be moving more and more toward C# so you may want to bypass VB. That isn't to say that VB won't be around for a while but the trend is moving toward C#.
Don't rule out learning Java, especially if your interest is more toward server based development.
As for where to learn it, there are plenty of books and online resources, too many to recommend "the best". If you prefer hard copy books, I'd recommend visiting your local book store and looking through their slightly out of date book so you can pick it up at a cheaper price. For getting started in any language, I'm sure you won't care as much about the latest changes that really don't have an impact on learning the basics of the language.
Reply:errrr. I recently learned a great deal about VB. I would start off by learning VB as it is the easiest out of the lot of them.
Reply:Head First books are a great introduction to a subject, and lucky you, they just released a SQL one:
http://headfirstlabs.com/books/hfsql/
http://headfirstlabs.com/books/hfjava/
http://headfirstlabs.com/books/hfcsharp/
I'd suggest that at first, you pick an interpreted language like Ruby to learn the very basics of programming ( variables, functions, and so on ). Ruby has a mode called "irb" - interactive ruby - that lets you see what your commands do instantly, which is a great way to experiment.
Each language has its differences, and you should only tackle one at once. I'd suggest Java first, here's another book you can buy or download the previous version for free:
http://www.mindviewinc.com/Books/TIJ4/Pu...
http://www.mindviewinc.com/
Reply:Good luck... I'm not being funny but I hope you have a spare 10 years or so, because thats a conservative estimate as to how long it would take to master all of the above.
SQL is undoubtedly the simplest of them all, so that may not be a bad starting point (although it is also very different from the others as it is not a programming language).C# and Java are also very similar, however the best advise anyone could give you is take it one step at a time... don't try to learn too much at the one time.
Personally I would start with Java and learn that alongside UML so that you get a strong grounding in object orientated design.
Another language you may consider is Python... it's a great language for learning the principals of programing (although it is procedural).
Good luck.... you have a long road ahead of you
Reply:Ok - first, you need to learn good ol' basic programming skills, and I think personally that VB is the best language for this. Pick up a book that has some actual tutorials in it (like Deitel's "Simply VB.Net) and start there. Once you feel comfortable with the basic logic structures (loops, decisions, etc) then I would start learning some basic SQL - again, I would get a beginner's book on it. Lastly, after you have gotten VB down pretty well, and know a little SQL, I would move on to a more object oriented language like C# or Java (actually, they are very similar, so if you learn one, you pretty much know the other). One thing to keep in mind is that it is almost impossible to learn EVERYTHING about anyhting in IT - most people pick something they like, or are good at, and specialize in it, picking up other stuff as they go along. So be patient with yourself, and take it one step at a time. Good luck, and happy coding : )
Whats the main difference betweem Java and C++?
i heard that Java and C++ is similar . if u do one of them then dont have to learn the other . So what i would like to know is,
are both of those similar programming with same function or performs different functions?
Whats the main difference betweem Java and C++?
Java and C++ have many structural similarities since both are Object Oriented (OOP) programming languages. The is however a major fundamental difference between the two. C++ programs are compiled into binary code and run directly by the operating system of the computer. Java programs on the other hand, must be interpreted by an add-on piece of software called the Java rintime environment or Java Virtual Machine, which must be installed on a computer in order for it to run a Java program. You can see an example of a Java program in action and watch the Java Virtual Machine starting up at http://www.toucanmultimedia.com under the WebPen link.
Reply:Java syntax is much more easier
Reply:I agree with the above though syntax ease is more based on what you are used to, I think. C++ might create a faster executable but this is questionable and derives mainly from the compiler. Plus I don't recall making too many Java executables (applications) but mainly applets; this may be my inexperience with Java though. Other differences are semantics and program language design. Java was design for/around the web environment whereas C++ was C with add-ons (in my humble opinion). Some of Java's OO functionality is not quite as "open" as in C++ such as C++ use of multiple inheritance (i.e. multiple indirections) with Java's more easily manageable and debuggable inheritance structure. There are probably more but I'm not too keen on Java preferring C and certain functional languages. Cheers!
Reply:Java is meant to run on a virtual machine, meaning your exeucable will run on any platform. C++ programs are hard coded to the platform they were developed on.
In terms of syntax, Java encapsulates things into objects much more than C++. In java, everything is an object, and that is partly due to the fact that it does have to run in a virtual machine and it must all be allocated on the heap.
As a whole new language had to be invented, they just based it off C++ but took out some of it's outdated semantics. If you know one, you can pick up the other easily, but you cannot use them in the same way. Its like driving a car or driving a bumper car. If you can drive one you can drive the other but they have different purposes.
pistil
are both of those similar programming with same function or performs different functions?
Whats the main difference betweem Java and C++?
Java and C++ have many structural similarities since both are Object Oriented (OOP) programming languages. The is however a major fundamental difference between the two. C++ programs are compiled into binary code and run directly by the operating system of the computer. Java programs on the other hand, must be interpreted by an add-on piece of software called the Java rintime environment or Java Virtual Machine, which must be installed on a computer in order for it to run a Java program. You can see an example of a Java program in action and watch the Java Virtual Machine starting up at http://www.toucanmultimedia.com under the WebPen link.
Reply:Java syntax is much more easier
Reply:I agree with the above though syntax ease is more based on what you are used to, I think. C++ might create a faster executable but this is questionable and derives mainly from the compiler. Plus I don't recall making too many Java executables (applications) but mainly applets; this may be my inexperience with Java though. Other differences are semantics and program language design. Java was design for/around the web environment whereas C++ was C with add-ons (in my humble opinion). Some of Java's OO functionality is not quite as "open" as in C++ such as C++ use of multiple inheritance (i.e. multiple indirections) with Java's more easily manageable and debuggable inheritance structure. There are probably more but I'm not too keen on Java preferring C and certain functional languages. Cheers!
Reply:Java is meant to run on a virtual machine, meaning your exeucable will run on any platform. C++ programs are hard coded to the platform they were developed on.
In terms of syntax, Java encapsulates things into objects much more than C++. In java, everything is an object, and that is partly due to the fact that it does have to run in a virtual machine and it must all be allocated on the heap.
As a whole new language had to be invented, they just based it off C++ but took out some of it's outdated semantics. If you know one, you can pick up the other easily, but you cannot use them in the same way. Its like driving a car or driving a bumper car. If you can drive one you can drive the other but they have different purposes.
pistil
What Language C++, C#,Java!! I are confused?
I am currently a junior in high school and taking a java programming class...I am really getting a hang of it and find it easy to use...BUT i feel like when i am older i would like to pursue a career in Video Game Programing or at least a sort of computer programmer(im not saying its bad i just would prefer some sort of gaming related career)
So what im asking is should i continue to learn java or switch to another language. An intelectual friend of mine told me that C++ is getting old and that java is the future but i just wanted to see what others think?
What Language C++, C#,Java!! I are confused?
As a junior in high school you might want to think about what you want to do but you are way too young to close off your options.
If you want to look at game programming you're going to have to look at where the jobs and skill sets are. A game involves AI, that is providing rules and possibly an opponent for the player, it involves implementing graphics and sound on the hardware which the player will be using. If you want to do graphics you should be studying design. You should look at what the skill sets the languages you know cover. Java is intended to implement some very sophisticated functionality over a broad range of hardware, software and browsers. I'm running Debian Linux on the machine I'm writing on and of course I have Java installed. There will be a market for games for that platform for a long time to come. The other big markets for games right now are the Windows OS and the consoles. Now C# is part of the dotNet suite which is optimized for Windows programming. It is so about Windows, that when Miguel de Icaza, a very smart man connected to the Gnome desktop and Microsoft, introduced a dotNet clone into Gnome called Mono in 2007. I'm not the only person I know who in 2007 went from preferring Gnome to removing it from my computers and those of us willing to discuss it will blame the instability caused by Mono. dotNet and by extension C# are not likely to ever be useful unless you are specifically programming for the Windows OS, though they may be very useful for the Windows OS.
You will probably be able to use C++ on Windows, and you will definitely find it useful if you are working on Game Systems, because C++ does incorporate a lot of C, and C provides an easy syntax for creating a logical model of any hardware, once you understand it. It's possible you may learn some C and C++ if you learn C#, but you are more likely to be able to pick up useful C# if you pick up C++.
And you should not "switch" to C++ from java, unless you have a good financial incentive to. Computer Science is really a branch of applied math: you should exactly be able to learn what you need to know better if you can compare how you do things using different languages and their methodologies.
Enough ranting. ;-)
Reply:java seems to be the wave of the future.. from what i've heard..
Im a visual basic kinda guy as i am into business applications but it seems everything is running java nowadays.. definatly sounds like you are going in the right direction
Reply:A code 'next step' if you aren't interested in learning C++ may be Python...
http://www.python.org/
Reply:C++ and Java are good to learn, and if you want to get into the Com-Sci/IT industry, you got to learn more than just those 2.
Since your wanting to get into the game development industry, you got to learn C/C++.
Yes Java is newer than C/C++, and yes its mainstream, Java is a good language, and yes you can make games in it, But for high performance commercial games, graphics intensive and fast speeds, less memory hogging, without the need of a JVM, C/C++ still makes a whole lot more sense!
Java is good for mobile game development though!
But hey, you learn Java - C/C++ is similar in syntax and with them curly braces. Java is easier than C++. But you learn C/C++ first, then Java is a breeze.
Either ways you learn 1 of the 3, you can have an easier transition to learn the other 2. And then you can throw in to learn C# as well (C# is pretty similar to Java ).
Reply:well no technology is gona get older or usless... evry thing has its own + and -'s
its good to know all these language
Knowing C++ will help u learning Java and C# easy
well coming Java and C# (.net)
this are on gr8 demand and its realy good one 2 learn ... various kind of applications can b developed using both these tech..
as u r more interested in game programming both Java and C++ will help u a lot in ur future even C# and Java both can b used 2 some extend in gaming ... on of the microsofts latest technology Silverlight which will be used in future for making games uses C# for codding...
and Java is my all time fav... its currently used in lots of mobile games (i.e J2ME verson)...
Conclusion : Knowing a technology will always help u in learning a new technology ... all technoloys are interrelated only the way of using them are different..
hope this will help u
tc byee :)
-aneesh
Reply:I agree with NetByte and jplatt39.
If you want to do PC and console gaming learn C and C++
If you want to do cell phone games learn Java (Google just came out with their own mobile API you might want to look at what they offer for cell phones in therms of language)
C# and Java are great for business applications.
As a high school student I suggest you learn about being a computer developer/programmer by studying Computer Science. Learn the skills at becoming a good coder. Language is the means, but it is not the actual skill of being a programmer.
Think of it as being a great driver (programmer). You could learn how to drive a Mercedes (Language) really well, but if you are a great driver (programmer) you can easily learn how to drive a BMW (Language) with ease.
Reply:Java is very mainstream, but if your tired of java, my vote is deffinitly for python.
So what im asking is should i continue to learn java or switch to another language. An intelectual friend of mine told me that C++ is getting old and that java is the future but i just wanted to see what others think?
What Language C++, C#,Java!! I are confused?
As a junior in high school you might want to think about what you want to do but you are way too young to close off your options.
If you want to look at game programming you're going to have to look at where the jobs and skill sets are. A game involves AI, that is providing rules and possibly an opponent for the player, it involves implementing graphics and sound on the hardware which the player will be using. If you want to do graphics you should be studying design. You should look at what the skill sets the languages you know cover. Java is intended to implement some very sophisticated functionality over a broad range of hardware, software and browsers. I'm running Debian Linux on the machine I'm writing on and of course I have Java installed. There will be a market for games for that platform for a long time to come. The other big markets for games right now are the Windows OS and the consoles. Now C# is part of the dotNet suite which is optimized for Windows programming. It is so about Windows, that when Miguel de Icaza, a very smart man connected to the Gnome desktop and Microsoft, introduced a dotNet clone into Gnome called Mono in 2007. I'm not the only person I know who in 2007 went from preferring Gnome to removing it from my computers and those of us willing to discuss it will blame the instability caused by Mono. dotNet and by extension C# are not likely to ever be useful unless you are specifically programming for the Windows OS, though they may be very useful for the Windows OS.
You will probably be able to use C++ on Windows, and you will definitely find it useful if you are working on Game Systems, because C++ does incorporate a lot of C, and C provides an easy syntax for creating a logical model of any hardware, once you understand it. It's possible you may learn some C and C++ if you learn C#, but you are more likely to be able to pick up useful C# if you pick up C++.
And you should not "switch" to C++ from java, unless you have a good financial incentive to. Computer Science is really a branch of applied math: you should exactly be able to learn what you need to know better if you can compare how you do things using different languages and their methodologies.
Enough ranting. ;-)
Reply:java seems to be the wave of the future.. from what i've heard..
Im a visual basic kinda guy as i am into business applications but it seems everything is running java nowadays.. definatly sounds like you are going in the right direction
Reply:A code 'next step' if you aren't interested in learning C++ may be Python...
http://www.python.org/
Reply:C++ and Java are good to learn, and if you want to get into the Com-Sci/IT industry, you got to learn more than just those 2.
Since your wanting to get into the game development industry, you got to learn C/C++.
Yes Java is newer than C/C++, and yes its mainstream, Java is a good language, and yes you can make games in it, But for high performance commercial games, graphics intensive and fast speeds, less memory hogging, without the need of a JVM, C/C++ still makes a whole lot more sense!
Java is good for mobile game development though!
But hey, you learn Java - C/C++ is similar in syntax and with them curly braces. Java is easier than C++. But you learn C/C++ first, then Java is a breeze.
Either ways you learn 1 of the 3, you can have an easier transition to learn the other 2. And then you can throw in to learn C# as well (C# is pretty similar to Java ).
Reply:well no technology is gona get older or usless... evry thing has its own + and -'s
its good to know all these language
Knowing C++ will help u learning Java and C# easy
well coming Java and C# (.net)
this are on gr8 demand and its realy good one 2 learn ... various kind of applications can b developed using both these tech..
as u r more interested in game programming both Java and C++ will help u a lot in ur future even C# and Java both can b used 2 some extend in gaming ... on of the microsofts latest technology Silverlight which will be used in future for making games uses C# for codding...
and Java is my all time fav... its currently used in lots of mobile games (i.e J2ME verson)...
Conclusion : Knowing a technology will always help u in learning a new technology ... all technoloys are interrelated only the way of using them are different..
hope this will help u
tc byee :)
-aneesh
Reply:I agree with NetByte and jplatt39.
If you want to do PC and console gaming learn C and C++
If you want to do cell phone games learn Java (Google just came out with their own mobile API you might want to look at what they offer for cell phones in therms of language)
C# and Java are great for business applications.
As a high school student I suggest you learn about being a computer developer/programmer by studying Computer Science. Learn the skills at becoming a good coder. Language is the means, but it is not the actual skill of being a programmer.
Think of it as being a great driver (programmer). You could learn how to drive a Mercedes (Language) really well, but if you are a great driver (programmer) you can easily learn how to drive a BMW (Language) with ease.
Reply:Java is very mainstream, but if your tired of java, my vote is deffinitly for python.
In Java C++ 2. Write code that will read two integers and print the number of multiples of 3?
Java and C++ are different languages. What are you trying to ask?
In Java C++ 2. Write code that will read two integers and print the number of multiples of 3?
Code in c++ is as below
#include%26lt;iostream.h%26gt;
#include%26lt;conio.h%26gt;
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout%26lt;%26lt;"Enter two integers:';
int a,b,count;
cin%26gt;%26gt;a%26gt;%26gt;b;
if(a%26gt;b)
{
int c=a;
a=b;
b=c;
}
for(int i=a;i%26lt;=b;i++)
{
if(i%3==0)
count++;
}
cout%26lt;%26lt;"Number of multiples of three between"%26lt;%26lt;a%26lt;%26lt;"%26amp;"%26lt;%26lt;b%26lt;%26lt;"are"%26lt;%26lt;count%26lt;%26lt;endl;
getch();
}
Reply:#include %26lt;iostream%26gt;
int main() {
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; "Enter an integer: ";
int first = 0;
std::cin %26gt;%26gt; first;
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; "Enter another integer: ";
int second = 0;
std::cin %26gt;%26gt; second;
int count = 0;
//ensure first is less than second
if(first %26gt; second) {
int temp = first;
first = second;
second = temp;
}
for(int i = first; i %26lt;= second; i++) {
if(i % 3 == 0) {
//i is a multiple of 3
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; i %26lt;%26lt; std::endl;
count++;
}
}
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; "Number of multiplies of 3 between " %26lt;%26lt; first %26lt;%26lt; " and " %26lt;%26lt; " second is " %26lt;%26lt; count %26lt;%26lt; std::endl;
}
Reply:PLZ.... dicide that r u talking about java or c++
In Java C++ 2. Write code that will read two integers and print the number of multiples of 3?
Code in c++ is as below
#include%26lt;iostream.h%26gt;
#include%26lt;conio.h%26gt;
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout%26lt;%26lt;"Enter two integers:';
int a,b,count;
cin%26gt;%26gt;a%26gt;%26gt;b;
if(a%26gt;b)
{
int c=a;
a=b;
b=c;
}
for(int i=a;i%26lt;=b;i++)
{
if(i%3==0)
count++;
}
cout%26lt;%26lt;"Number of multiples of three between"%26lt;%26lt;a%26lt;%26lt;"%26amp;"%26lt;%26lt;b%26lt;%26lt;"are"%26lt;%26lt;count%26lt;%26lt;endl;
getch();
}
Reply:#include %26lt;iostream%26gt;
int main() {
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; "Enter an integer: ";
int first = 0;
std::cin %26gt;%26gt; first;
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; "Enter another integer: ";
int second = 0;
std::cin %26gt;%26gt; second;
int count = 0;
//ensure first is less than second
if(first %26gt; second) {
int temp = first;
first = second;
second = temp;
}
for(int i = first; i %26lt;= second; i++) {
if(i % 3 == 0) {
//i is a multiple of 3
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; i %26lt;%26lt; std::endl;
count++;
}
}
std::cout %26lt;%26lt; "Number of multiplies of 3 between " %26lt;%26lt; first %26lt;%26lt; " and " %26lt;%26lt; " second is " %26lt;%26lt; count %26lt;%26lt; std::endl;
}
Reply:PLZ.... dicide that r u talking about java or c++
I need multicast monitoring toolkit in java/c/c++ with source code?
I can even buy that project at any cost
please help me out
I need multicast monitoring toolkit in java/c/c++ with source code?
Check out Snort
It's an open source packet sniffer.
The best place for stuff like this is SourceForge.
If it's out there, and it's open source, you'll find it there
please help me out
I need multicast monitoring toolkit in java/c/c++ with source code?
Check out Snort
It's an open source packet sniffer.
The best place for stuff like this is SourceForge.
If it's out there, and it's open source, you'll find it there
Software Testing or C/C++/Java Programming?
I m 24 %26amp; a Engineering Graduate, looking for a career change to software, after 4 yrs in industry. I was suggested my friend to take up software testing so that i could get the job easily. But i m interested in programming, i know c %26amp; c++, Planning to learn JAVA,J2ME, so that i could join software company in 5 months time, but people say i m too ambitious to achieve that goal. So guys please suggest is my goals are just dreams and not reality, what should i do to enter software company at the earliest with decent salary package,
Software Testing or C/C++/Java Programming?
im a software tester at the moment, earning about 10 grand a year (but i am 18 so pay is low). the older testers with more experience got paid about 30 grand a year - which is good. i think you can earn a decent salary as a tester and testing is a growing industry, meaning more jobs should be opening up (although some companies are reluctant to employ testers at the moment.) seeing as you have no experience in computing, testing would be a good way of getting into the industry i think. lots of people i work with dont have a computing degree so youll be fine with regards to that. why not apply to do a programming job? it depends largely on the culture of the company - whether theyre happy to employ some one without much experience if they interview well etc. i would say that testing is REALLY BORING! so unless youve done it and like it stay away.. its very repetitive. the software engineers hate it when they have to do any testing. apply for some software jobs and see what happens - if you dont get one hopefully you should at least get some useful advice. knowing C++ is obviously a big advantage. java, pearl and python are also popular in my company. some of the engineers have learnt these languages on the job. if you cant get a software engineering job, then look into testing. good luck
Reply:I too am a programmer (24) and my primary job is testing. I recommend learning unit testing as it combines testing software with programming, and is a hot skill to have. You'll probably make $30 - $40 grand to start. Eventually they'll let you move up and do more programming, but all the beginning programmers are going to get low level work, it's just the way it is.
Reply:Go for your dreams now, otherwise they will become regrets. Java is Open Source now, so easy to get access to for learning. Get on a Linux box or add Linux to that one and start learning again.
Do not get Micro Linux. That is moving backwards. Get an Open Source project that is supported, like Ubuntu Linux. The way it looks, Microsoft owns 10% of Apple and is now buying into Linux and made a move on SAP this week, so learn while you still allowed or permitted to.
Reply:Learn to program. Then even if you get started with a job in testing, you'll have the options to expand. While testers might eventually earn $40k/year, developers can double that with a bit of experience.
Don't worry about J2ME at all to start with. Once you learn the standard stuff, moving to ME is easy. Also, take your C++ experience and add both Java and C#.NET to. The more versitile you are, the more valuable.
Reply:If you know C and C++, why on earth would you want to learn Java? You can get much better work programming in C++, and produce software of a much higher quality...
house plants
Software Testing or C/C++/Java Programming?
im a software tester at the moment, earning about 10 grand a year (but i am 18 so pay is low). the older testers with more experience got paid about 30 grand a year - which is good. i think you can earn a decent salary as a tester and testing is a growing industry, meaning more jobs should be opening up (although some companies are reluctant to employ testers at the moment.) seeing as you have no experience in computing, testing would be a good way of getting into the industry i think. lots of people i work with dont have a computing degree so youll be fine with regards to that. why not apply to do a programming job? it depends largely on the culture of the company - whether theyre happy to employ some one without much experience if they interview well etc. i would say that testing is REALLY BORING! so unless youve done it and like it stay away.. its very repetitive. the software engineers hate it when they have to do any testing. apply for some software jobs and see what happens - if you dont get one hopefully you should at least get some useful advice. knowing C++ is obviously a big advantage. java, pearl and python are also popular in my company. some of the engineers have learnt these languages on the job. if you cant get a software engineering job, then look into testing. good luck
Reply:I too am a programmer (24) and my primary job is testing. I recommend learning unit testing as it combines testing software with programming, and is a hot skill to have. You'll probably make $30 - $40 grand to start. Eventually they'll let you move up and do more programming, but all the beginning programmers are going to get low level work, it's just the way it is.
Reply:Go for your dreams now, otherwise they will become regrets. Java is Open Source now, so easy to get access to for learning. Get on a Linux box or add Linux to that one and start learning again.
Do not get Micro Linux. That is moving backwards. Get an Open Source project that is supported, like Ubuntu Linux. The way it looks, Microsoft owns 10% of Apple and is now buying into Linux and made a move on SAP this week, so learn while you still allowed or permitted to.
Reply:Learn to program. Then even if you get started with a job in testing, you'll have the options to expand. While testers might eventually earn $40k/year, developers can double that with a bit of experience.
Don't worry about J2ME at all to start with. Once you learn the standard stuff, moving to ME is easy. Also, take your C++ experience and add both Java and C#.NET to. The more versitile you are, the more valuable.
Reply:If you know C and C++, why on earth would you want to learn Java? You can get much better work programming in C++, and produce software of a much higher quality...
house plants
Difference between C++ & java?
and diff between C , C++ %26amp; java
Difference between C++ %26amp; java?
You'll have to be more precise on that question, because to answer I have to know what level of technical detail you want. I'll just say you can't program yet.
To make it short,
C++ and Java are both OO (object-oriented).
C++ was designed to be backwards compatible with C (a C++ compiler can compile C code).
You should consider C/C++ is for *system* development, which means you manipulate low-level behavior of your program. C was originally designed to write the UNIX operating system.
Java is more on the *application* development side, which means that it tries to abstract from the machine.
Java is easier to learn, really faster to code, less error-prone.
C++ is more powerful (you can do things which you can't with Java), and programs perform slightly faster.
Most often, developpers use Java when they can, C++ when they have to.
The world of today is no longer not the world of the titans Java - C/C++ - .Net
If you've never programmed, you had better start with Python.
Reply:http://www.dickbaldwin.com/java/Java008....
Difference between C++ %26amp; java?
You'll have to be more precise on that question, because to answer I have to know what level of technical detail you want. I'll just say you can't program yet.
To make it short,
C++ and Java are both OO (object-oriented).
C++ was designed to be backwards compatible with C (a C++ compiler can compile C code).
You should consider C/C++ is for *system* development, which means you manipulate low-level behavior of your program. C was originally designed to write the UNIX operating system.
Java is more on the *application* development side, which means that it tries to abstract from the machine.
Java is easier to learn, really faster to code, less error-prone.
C++ is more powerful (you can do things which you can't with Java), and programs perform slightly faster.
Most often, developpers use Java when they can, C++ when they have to.
The world of today is no longer not the world of the titans Java - C/C++ - .Net
If you've never programmed, you had better start with Python.
Reply:http://www.dickbaldwin.com/java/Java008....
Java vs C++ which one is better in game programming?
Hi all! this is my first time to posting a question, i hope all of you will help me. Thx a lot all..
well, now i'm very confuse about which programming language (java or c++) is better in game programming? i would like to learn on making a game, but still i'm confused on choosing the programming language, please give me some suggestion. Thank you.
Java vs C++ which one is better in game programming?
C++ is still #1 when it comes to professional game development. However, you can make games in any programming language. The main concepts are still the same.
If you are a beginner, and want to develop games as a hobby, you may want to look into C# and XNA Game Studio. C# is way easier to grasp (for beginners) than C++. Eventually, if you can develop games in C#, then transition to C++ not very hard. Plus, with XNA, you get to develop and play your own games to on xbox 360. I know I didn't mention Java, and that's because it's very similar to C#, and I just love XNA [which you can only use with C#].
Reply:C++ is the industry standard in complex commercial desktop and console games. Java seems to be leading on simpler (but a large market) cell phone games.
But as a beginner, neither is an optimal language to start with. C++ can make experienced programmers cry. Java manages to do that at least with beginners to programming.
Look at other choices. Python is a much simpler language than either. Python + PyGame combination is a very easy and popular way to start with 2D games and programming.
Visual Studio Express + XNA offers a more polished solution specifically geared to learners like you. Although the code you create in .NET/XNA won't run anywhere except in Windows and Xbox 360, .NET based languages (C#/VB.NET) are much easier to pick up for beginners than Java.
Contrary to what another poster said, .NET (C#) does not consume 10 gigs of disk space (it takes about the same as Java). Neither is a Java game instantly portable from a desktop stack to a mobile stack even if they are somehow comparable games at these extreme ends. Portability also should not be a beginner concern. You are learning, not creating products where you need to be concerned about lost markets.
Reply:If you are going to put any effort in this, why not WORA -- Write Once Run Anywhere. Learn Java.
C/C++ takes a bus-load of tinkering to make the same game run on different CPUs. C# takes a 10-gig plug-in at both the coder's end and the end-user's end. Not good.
Java can be easily modified to run on a cell-phone, an Intel-based computer, AMD, Solaris or a Mac. Linux or that other OS.
Java will cut your learning curve time down by 50%.
Reply:well it depends both languages are tough
you can make games on both
but c++ is the most common used specially if you want to do 3d gaming but you also have to learn more
but Java is also used to make cell phone games and games on the internet
but there is also c# which you can use with xna to make xbox360 arcade games
but if your a beginner you can also try downloading gameMaker7 from the internet from the yoyo games website
another easy one is flash
Reply:while the answer recommending java is true, it can run anywhere, you have to consider overriding factors. The fact is that java gobbles memory and has a huge overhead for even the smallest programs, for a game of any size and complexity you'll be quickly running into problems involving memory.
C++ it's the standard for a reason.
well, now i'm very confuse about which programming language (java or c++) is better in game programming? i would like to learn on making a game, but still i'm confused on choosing the programming language, please give me some suggestion. Thank you.
Java vs C++ which one is better in game programming?
C++ is still #1 when it comes to professional game development. However, you can make games in any programming language. The main concepts are still the same.
If you are a beginner, and want to develop games as a hobby, you may want to look into C# and XNA Game Studio. C# is way easier to grasp (for beginners) than C++. Eventually, if you can develop games in C#, then transition to C++ not very hard. Plus, with XNA, you get to develop and play your own games to on xbox 360. I know I didn't mention Java, and that's because it's very similar to C#, and I just love XNA [which you can only use with C#].
Reply:C++ is the industry standard in complex commercial desktop and console games. Java seems to be leading on simpler (but a large market) cell phone games.
But as a beginner, neither is an optimal language to start with. C++ can make experienced programmers cry. Java manages to do that at least with beginners to programming.
Look at other choices. Python is a much simpler language than either. Python + PyGame combination is a very easy and popular way to start with 2D games and programming.
Visual Studio Express + XNA offers a more polished solution specifically geared to learners like you. Although the code you create in .NET/XNA won't run anywhere except in Windows and Xbox 360, .NET based languages (C#/VB.NET) are much easier to pick up for beginners than Java.
Contrary to what another poster said, .NET (C#) does not consume 10 gigs of disk space (it takes about the same as Java). Neither is a Java game instantly portable from a desktop stack to a mobile stack even if they are somehow comparable games at these extreme ends. Portability also should not be a beginner concern. You are learning, not creating products where you need to be concerned about lost markets.
Reply:If you are going to put any effort in this, why not WORA -- Write Once Run Anywhere. Learn Java.
C/C++ takes a bus-load of tinkering to make the same game run on different CPUs. C# takes a 10-gig plug-in at both the coder's end and the end-user's end. Not good.
Java can be easily modified to run on a cell-phone, an Intel-based computer, AMD, Solaris or a Mac. Linux or that other OS.
Java will cut your learning curve time down by 50%.
Reply:well it depends both languages are tough
you can make games on both
but c++ is the most common used specially if you want to do 3d gaming but you also have to learn more
but Java is also used to make cell phone games and games on the internet
but there is also c# which you can use with xna to make xbox360 arcade games
but if your a beginner you can also try downloading gameMaker7 from the internet from the yoyo games website
another easy one is flash
Reply:while the answer recommending java is true, it can run anywhere, you have to consider overriding factors. The fact is that java gobbles memory and has a huge overhead for even the smallest programs, for a game of any size and complexity you'll be quickly running into problems involving memory.
C++ it's the standard for a reason.
What do I need to run C++ or Java?
As a complete novice, what do I need on my computer to run C++ and/or Java. What do I need to download and from where. All for free, of course.
What do I need to run C++ or Java?
sun java.
http://www.java.com/
Reply:As a novice it is better that you start from C++ and then after getting a good grip on that you can move on to java. you will get a good grip of object oriented programming when you are doing c++ which will be helpful when you start with java.
To learn c++ get some good books from the market, you will also find a lot of tutorials, and free ebooks in c++ forums join them. You can get Borland's Turbo c++ compiler from their respective websites
http://dn.codegear.com/article/20633
here u can get the borland compiler 5.5 version for free
But if you are intrested in java go to the site
http://java.sun.com
here you will get free JRE(java runtime environment ) which you can download and run in your system
So all the best, and happy programming
Reply:Eclipse can do both but it is particularly good at Java
Reply:Java should be able to run using the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) you can download it from java.sun.com.
As for C++, I highly recommend Bloodshed C++, yes it sounds dark but it is very good, has a simple compiler and is free for anyone to use: http://www.bloodshed.net/devcpp.html
What do I need to run C++ or Java?
sun java.
http://www.java.com/
Reply:As a novice it is better that you start from C++ and then after getting a good grip on that you can move on to java. you will get a good grip of object oriented programming when you are doing c++ which will be helpful when you start with java.
To learn c++ get some good books from the market, you will also find a lot of tutorials, and free ebooks in c++ forums join them. You can get Borland's Turbo c++ compiler from their respective websites
http://dn.codegear.com/article/20633
here u can get the borland compiler 5.5 version for free
But if you are intrested in java go to the site
http://java.sun.com
here you will get free JRE(java runtime environment ) which you can download and run in your system
So all the best, and happy programming
Reply:Eclipse can do both but it is particularly good at Java
Reply:Java should be able to run using the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) you can download it from java.sun.com.
As for C++, I highly recommend Bloodshed C++, yes it sounds dark but it is very good, has a simple compiler and is free for anyone to use: http://www.bloodshed.net/devcpp.html
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)